The prolific integration of non-synchronous distributed energy resources and energy storage systems (EES) into thermal-dominated grids significantly impact the power system's total synchronous inertia (TSI). The TSI, in turn, affects the frequency response of the electrical grid (EG). Although the EES supports frequency regulation, the cost is a vital factor in determining their role. Lately, it is realized that incorporating plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as auxiliary power sources can provide inertial support if penetrated in huge numbers into the EG. This work proposes a supply and demand variation approach that integrates EVs in load frequency control (LFC). The proposed LFC uses the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm. A parallel direct current (DC)-alternating current (AC) interconnected hybrid thermal power system (IHTPS) with different types of high voltage direct current (HVDC) tie-links in the presence of PHEVs is simulated. The settling time, oscillations, and first peaks are mainly analyzed for the considered HVDC tie-links. The results show that the virtual synchronous power-HVDC tie-link offers better dynamic performance than that of the other tie-link, proving EV's presence in improving the frequency response. Thus, the investigation demonstrates the BBO based LFC role in enhancing the dynamic performance of the IHTPS.

将非同步分布式能源和能量存储系统（EES）大量集成到以热为主的电网中，会极大地影响电力系统的总同步惯量（TSI）。TSI反过来影响电网（EG）的频率响应。尽管EES支持频率调节，但成本是决定其作用的重要因素。最近，人们意识到，将插入式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）用作辅助电源，如果能大量渗透到EG中，就可以提供惯性支撑。这项工作提出了一种供需变化方法，该方法将电动汽车集成到负载频率控制（LFC）中。提出的LFC使用基于生物地理的优化（BBO）算法。在存在PHEV的情况下，模拟了具有不同类型的高压直流（HVDC）连接的并联直流（DC）交流（AC）互连混合热电系统（IHTPS）。主要针对所考虑的HVDC联络链路分析建立时间，振荡和第一个峰值。结果表明，虚拟同步功率HVDC联络链路比其他联络链路具有更好的动态性能，证明了电动汽车在改善频率响应方面的存在。因此，研究证明了基于BBO的LFC在增强IHTPS的动态性能方面的作用。结果表明，虚拟同步功率HVDC联络链路比其他联络链路具有更好的动态性能，证明了电动汽车在改善频率响应方面的存在。因此，研究证明了基于BBO的LFC在增强IHTPS的动态性能方面的作用。结果表明，虚拟同步功率HVDC联络链路比其他联络链路具有更好的动态性能，证明了电动汽车在改善频率响应方面的存在。因此，研究证明了基于BBO的LFC在增强IHTPS的动态性能方面的作用。