Leukemia is a rare disease associated with a high mortality rate. The presence of unilateral or bilateral serous retinal detachment (SRD) as a sign of choroidal infiltration can be one of the manifestations of acute leukemia, both as a primary sign or in a relapse. We consolidated the literature on SRD as a sign of leukemic choroidopathy regarding its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and main imaging diagnostic tools. Well-documented cases regarding acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), relapsed ALL and relapsed AML published until September, 2020, in peer reviewed journals were included. The literature shows an interesting range of choroidal infiltration cases assessed by modern imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) with and without enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and fluorescein angiography (FA). These tools allow choroidal assessment and better understanding and characterization of this rare condition. Complete ophthalmological workup should be performed in these patients using both FA and EDI-OCT to assess the choroidal anatomy and integrity. An increase in choroidal thickness measured with EDI-OCT can reveal active disease and potentially diagnose a leukemic relapse promptly.

白血病是一种与高死亡率相关的罕见疾病。作为脉络膜浸润迹象的单侧或双侧浆液性视网膜脱离 (SRD) 的存在可能是急性白血病的表现之一，无论是作为主要体征还是复发。我们整合了关于 SRD 作为白血病脉络膜病征兆的文献，包括其流行病学、临床表现和主要影像诊断工具。包括在同行评审期刊上发表的关于急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)、急性髓细胞性白血病 (AML)、复发性 ALL 和复发性 AML 的有充分记录的病例，直到 2020 年 9 月。文献显示了通过现代成像技术评估的一系列有趣的脉络膜浸润病例，例如光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和增强深度成像（EDI）和荧光血管造影（FA）。这些工具允许脉络膜评估和更好地理解和表征这种罕见的情况。应使用 FA 和 EDI-OCT 对这些患者进行完整的眼科检查，以评估脉络膜解剖结构和完整性。用 EDI-OCT 测量的脉络膜厚度增加可以揭示活动性疾病并可能迅速诊断白血病复发。