The propagation of elevation internal solitary waves (ISWs) over a large triangular ridge was investigated experimentally in a stratified fluid flume. The propagation characteristics of the elevation ISWs over the ridge were measured by using the real-time wave measuring instrument and particle image velocimetry, respectively. At the front slope of the ridge, the obvious fluid accumulation appeared, the waveform was distorted and broadened, the ISW amplitude increased slightly, the phase velocity decreased suddenly, and the lower layer flow velocity increased significantly. In the region of the ridge top, counterclockwise vortex and bright spots appeared, which signified the occurrence of breaking, the shape of incident wave was transferred to the shape of table-top solitary wave. At the back slope of the ridge, the fission waves became symmetric gradually and restored to normal, the amplitude decreased significantly, and the phase velocity increased slightly. The wave energy decreased consistently during wave propagation and the whole energy loss was about 30%–35% of the incident wave. Due to the wave breaking and fission, the energy loss occurred near the ridge top was the largest and was almost the same at symmetrical positions on the front and back slopes.

中文翻译：

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高程内部孤立波在山脊上传播的实验研究

在分层流体槽中，通过实验研究了仰角内部孤立波（ISW）在大三角山脊上的传播。分别使用实时波测量仪和粒子图像测速仪测量了高程ISW在山脊上的传播特性。在山脊的前斜坡，出现了明显的流体积聚，波形畸变并变宽，ISW振幅略有增加，相速度突然减小，而下层流速明显增加。在脊顶区域出现逆时针涡旋和亮点，表明发生了破裂，入射波的形状转变为桌面孤波的形状。在山脊的后坡，裂变波逐渐对称并恢复正常，振幅明显减小，相速度略有增加。在波传播过程中，波能量持续下降，整个能量损失约为入射波的30％–35％。由于波浪的破裂和裂变，在山脊顶部附近发生的能量损失最大，并且在前后斜坡的对称位置几乎相同。