We propose a method for the evaluation of the theoretical strength of metal under the conditions of tension and shear. The first of these strengths is determined by comparing the strain energy at the time of fracture with the energy losses required for evaporation. The second strength (obtained on the basis of the data of observations of Luders lines with the help of an electron microscope; × 5000) is found by comparing the strain energy with the energy spent for melting of the metal. The proposed computational formulas do not require additional assumptions about the ultimate strains. We computed the theoretical strength for aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. We also experimentally determined the actual strength of 65G steel and its ultimate strain, which coincides with the theoretical value.

我们提出了一种在拉伸和剪切条件下评估金属理论强度的方法。这些强度中的第一个是通过将断裂时的应变能与蒸发所需的能量损失进行比较来确定的。通过比较应变能和熔化金属所消耗的能量，可以找到第二强度（根据在Luders线的观察数据，借助电子显微镜获得的结果；×5000）。提出的计算公式不需要关于极限应变的其他假设。我们计算了铝，铁，铜，镍，铅和锌的理论强度。我们还通过实验确定了65G钢的实际强度及其极限应变，这与理论值一致。