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Severe sleep restriction suppresses appetite independent of effects on appetite regulating hormones in healthy young men without obesity
Physiology & Behavior ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113438
Patrick N Radcliffe 1 , Claire C Whitney 2 , Heather S Fagnant 2 , Marques A Wilson 2 , Graham Finlayson 3 , Tracey J Smith 2 , J Philip Karl 2
Affiliation  

Objective

Several nights of moderate (4–5 hr/night) sleep restriction increases appetite and energy intake, and may alter circulating concentrations of appetite regulating hormones. Whether more severe sleep restriction has similar effects is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of severe, short-term sleep restriction on appetite, ad libitum energy intake during a single meal, appetite regulating hormones, and food preferences.

Methods

Randomized, crossover study in which 18 healthy men (mean ± SD: BMI 24.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2, 20 ± 2 yr) were assigned to three consecutive nights of sleep restriction (SR; 2 hr sleep opportunity/night) or adequate sleep (AS; 7–9 hr sleep opportunity/night) with controlled feeding and activity designed to maintain energy balance throughout the 3-day period. On day 4, participants consumed a standardized breakfast. Appetite, assessed by visual analogue scales, and circulating ghrelin, peptide-YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured before and every 20–60 min for 4hr after the meal. Ad libitum energy and macronutrient intakes were then measured at a provided buffet lunch. Food preferences were measured by Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) administered before and after the lunch.

Results

Area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial hunger (-23%), desire to eat (-23%), and prospective consumption (-18%) ratings were all lower, and postprandial fullness AUC (25%) was higher after SR relative to after AS (p ≤ 0.02). Ad libitum energy intake at the lunch meal was 332 kcal [95% CI: -479, -185] (p<0.001) lower after SR relative to after AS, but relative macronutrient intakes and LFPQ scores did not differ. Postprandial glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin AUCs did not differ between phases. However, mean concentrations of PYY (-11%) and GLP-1 (-4%) over the 4-hr testing period were lower, and glucose concentrations were 6% higher, after SR relative to after AS (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion

In contrast with reported effects of moderate sleep restriction, severe sleep restriction reduced appetite and energy intake, had no impact food preferences, and had little impact on appetite regulating hormones. Findings suggest that severe sleep restriction may suppress appetite and food intake, at least at a single meal, by a mechanism independent of changes in food preference or appetite regulating hormones.



中文翻译:

严重的睡眠限制会抑制食欲,而不受肥胖的健康年轻男性食欲调节激素的影响

客观的

几个晚上的中度(4-5 小时/晚)睡眠限制会增加食欲和能量摄入,并可能改变食欲调节激素的循环浓度。更严重的睡眠限制是否有类似的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定严重的短期睡眠限制对食欲、单餐期间随意摄入能量、食欲调节激素和食物偏好的影响。

方法

随机交叉研究,其中 18 名健康男性(平均值 ± SD:BMI 24.4 ± 2.3 kg/m 2, 20 ± 2 岁) 被分配到连续三个晚上的睡眠限制 (SR; 2 小时睡眠机会/晚) 或充足的睡眠 (AS; 7-9 小时睡眠机会/晚) 控制喂养和活动旨在保持能量平衡在整个 3 天期间。第 4 天,参与者食用标准化早餐。通过视觉模拟量表评估食欲,并在餐前和餐后每 20-60 分钟测量循环 ghrelin、肽-YY (PYY)、胰高血糖素样肽 (GLP-1)、胰岛素和葡萄糖浓度,持续 4 小时。然后在提供的自助午餐中测量自由采食的能量和常量营养素摄入量。食物偏好是通过在午餐前后进行的利兹食物偏好问卷 (LFPQ) 来衡量的。

结果

SR 后餐后饥饿 (-23%)、进食欲望 (-23%) 和预期消费 (-18%) 评分的曲线下面积 (AUC) 均较低,餐后饱腹感 AUC (25%) 较高相对于 AS 之后 ( p  ≤ 0.02)。相对于 AS 后,SR 后的午餐能量摄入量为 332 kcal [95% CI: -479, -185] ( p < 0.001),但相对常量营养素摄入量和 LFPQ 评分没有差异。餐后葡萄糖、胰岛素、PYY、GLP-1 和生长素释放肽 AUC 在各阶段之间没有差异。然而,在 4 小时测试期间,PYY (-11%) 和 GLP-1 (-4%) 的平均浓度较低,而葡萄糖浓度在 SR 后相对于 AS 后高 6% ( p  ≤ 0.01)。

结论

与报道的中度睡眠限制的影响相比,严重的睡眠限制会降低食欲和能量摄入,对食物偏好没有影响,对食欲调节激素的影响也很小。研究结果表明,严重的睡眠限制可能会抑制食欲和食物摄入,至少在一餐中,其机制与食物偏好或食欲调节激素的变化无关。

更新日期:2021-05-12
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