Flood basalts (traps) and large igneous provinces (LIPs) are essential topics in modern geology. However, little is known about the stages of recognition of particular LIPs, including a giant continental LIP in Siberia. Even though basalt occurrences were reported from the region from the end of the 18th century (e.g., by Kozitsky, Middendorf, Schmidt and Lopatin), the first ample data were provided by the Polish geologist Aleksander Czekanowski (1833–1876). He was educated at the Universities of Kiev and Dorpat but exiled to Siberia for participating in the Polish January Uprising in 1863. Czekanowski organised three expeditions to poorly known parts of Central Siberia, which were initiated by exploring the Lower Tunguska River Basin. In the summer of 1873, he discovered many exposures of basalts and related tuffs. After an expedition to the Olenek River region in 1874, he was aware of a vast extent of basalt sequences and the critical impact of the “powerful volcanic floods” that immensely transformed the uplifted continent. Czekanowski emphasised “the discovery of previously unknown areas of igneous rocks of so large an extent that it exceeds the size of any other of its kind.” Studies of the volcanic series developed towards the end of the century, as summarised in an influential treatise from 1901 by the great Austrian geologist Eduard Suess. Czekanowski, distinguished in Seuss's monograph, is occasionally appreciated as the discoverer of the Siberian Traps but should also be adequately honoured in the neocatastrophism-based geology of the 21^st century.

溢洪玄武岩（圈闭）和大型火成岩省（LIP）是现代地质学的重要课题。然而，对特定 LIP 的识别阶段知之甚少，包括西伯利亚的巨型大陆 LIP。尽管从 18 世纪末开始就在该地区报道了玄武岩事件（例如，由 Kozitsky、Middendorf、Schmidt 和 Lopatin 撰写），波兰地质学家 Aleksander Czekanowski（1833-1876 年）提供了第一批充足的数据。他在基辅大学和多尔帕特大学接受教育，但因参加 1863 年的波兰一月起义而被流放到西伯利亚。切卡诺夫斯基组织了三次远征到中西伯利亚鲜为人知的地区，这些远征始于探索下通古斯河流域。1873 年夏天，他发现了许多玄武岩和相关凝灰岩的出露。在 1874 年对奥列内克河地区进行探险之后，他意识到了大量玄武岩序列以及“强大的火山洪水”的严重影响，这极大地改变了隆起的大陆。Czekanowski 强调“发现了以前未知的火成岩区域，其范围如此之大，以至于超过了任何其他同类的大小。” 对火山系列的研究在本世纪末发展起来，正如伟大的奥地利地质学家爱德华·苏斯在 1901 年发表的一篇有影响力的论文中所总结的那样。在苏斯的专着中出名的切卡诺夫斯基偶尔被认为是西伯利亚圈闭的发现者，但在 21 世纪以新灾难论为基础的地质学中也应该得到足够的尊重。^圣世纪。