Advancements in novel neurotechnologies, such as brain computer interfaces (BCI) and neuromodulatory devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), will have profound implications for society and human rights. While these technologies are improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental and neurological diseases, they can also alter individual agency and estrange those using neurotechnologies from their sense of self, challenging basic notions of what it means to be human. As an international coalition of interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners, we examine these challenges and make recommendations to mitigate negative consequences that could arise from the unregulated development or application of novel neurotechnologies. We explore potential ethical challenges in four key areas: identity and agency, privacy, bias, and enhancement. To address them, we propose (1) democratic and inclusive summits to establish globally-coordinated ethical and societal guidelines for neurotechnology development and application, (2) new measures, including “Neurorights,” for data privacy, security, and consent to empower neurotechnology users’ control over their data, (3) new methods of identifying and preventing bias, and (4) the adoption of public guidelines for safe and equitable distribution of neurotechnological devices.

新型神经技术的进步，例如脑机接口 (BCI) 和神经调节设备，例如深部脑刺激器 (DBS)，将对社会和人权产生深远的影响。虽然这些技术正在改善精神和神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗，但它们也可以改变个人的能动性，并使使用神经技术的人远离自我意识，挑战人类的基本概念。作为跨学科学者和从业者的国际联盟，我们研究这些挑战并提出建议，以减轻可能因新型神经技术的不受监管的开发或应用而产生的负面后果。我们在四个关键领域探索潜在的道德挑战：身份和代理、隐私、偏见和增强。