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Face recognition using particle swarm optimization based block ICA
Multimedia Tools and Applications ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s11042-021-10792-5
Rasmikanta Pati , Arun K Pujari , Padmavati Gahan

Face recognition is one of the most important and widely applicable research problems in the subject area of machine learning and computer vision. Extraction of features, local or holistic, is the fundamental step and subspace method has been a natural choice for facial feature extraction. Among these, methods like PCA, ICA, LDA aim to reduce the dimension of the data while retaining the statistical separation property between distinct classes. Unlike the traditional ICA, in which the whole face image is stretched into a vector before calculating the independent components (ICs), Block ICA (B-ICA) partitions the facial images into blocks and takes the block as the training vector. Since the dimensionality of the training vector in B-ICA is much smaller than that in traditional ICA, reduction in face recognition error is expected. The objective of ICA is to find a separation matrix and it is achieved by a process of optimization, such as maximization of non-Gaussianity, maximum likelihood estimation, and minimization of mutual information. We observe here that the gradient-based learning can be efficiently and effectively achieved by the application of swarm-based optimization. We propose here the application of our Gradient-based Swarm Optimization method for Block ICA, where gradient information is combined with conventional swarm search to optimize the contrast function. We compare our method with B-ICA on three benchmark image data sets and show that our method achieved a better recognition rate compared to B-ICA in different block sizes with 70%, 80% and 90% data used for training the model.



中文翻译:

使用基于粒子群优化的块ICA进行人脸识别

人脸识别是机器学习和计算机视觉这一领域中最重要,应用最广泛的研究问题之一。基本的步骤是提取局部或整体特征,而子空间方法已成为面部特征提取的自然选择。在这些方法中,诸如PCA,ICA,LDA之类的方法旨在减小数据的维数,同时保留不同类别之间的统计分离属性。与传统的ICA不同,传统的ICA在计算独立分量(IC)之前将整个面部图像拉伸为矢量,而Block ICA(B-ICA)将面部图像划分为多个块,并将该块作为训练矢量。由于B-ICA中训练向量的维数比传统ICA中的训练维数小得多,因此有望减少人脸识别误差。ICA的目的是找到一个分离矩阵,它是通过优化过程来实现的,例如非高斯性的最大化,最大似然估计和互信息的最小化。我们在这里观察到,通过应用基于群体的优化可以有效地实现基于梯度的学习。我们在这里提出将基于梯度的群体优化方法用于Block ICA的应用,其中梯度信息与常规的群体搜索相结合以优化对比度函数。我们在三个基准图像数据集上将我们的方法与B-ICA进行了比较,结果表明,与B-ICA相比,在不同的块大小下,我们的方法获得了更好的识别率,为70 最大似然估计和最小化互信息。我们在这里观察到,通过应用基于群体的优化可以有效地实现基于梯度的学习。我们在这里提出将基于梯度的群体优化方法用于Block ICA的应用,其中梯度信息与常规的群体搜索相结合以优化对比度函数。我们在三个基准图像数据集上将我们的方法与B-ICA进行了比较,结果表明,与B-ICA相比,在不同的块大小下,我们的方法获得了更好的识别率,为70 最大似然估计和最小化互信息。我们在这里观察到,通过应用基于群体的优化可以有效地实现基于梯度的学习。我们在这里提出将基于梯度的群体优化方法用于Block ICA的应用,其中梯度信息与常规的群体搜索相结合以优化对比度函数。我们在三个基准图像数据集上将我们的方法与B-ICA进行了比较,结果表明,与B-ICA相比,在不同的块大小下,我们的方法获得了更好的识别率,为70 我们在这里提出将基于梯度的群体优化方法用于Block ICA的应用,其中梯度信息与常规的群体搜索相结合以优化对比度函数。我们在三个基准图像数据集上将我们的方法与B-ICA进行了比较,结果表明,与B-ICA相比,在不同的块大小下,我们的方法获得了更好的识别率,为70 我们在这里提出将基于梯度的群体优化方法用于Block ICA的应用,其中梯度信息与常规的群体搜索相结合以优化对比度函数。我们在三个基准图像数据集上将我们的方法与B-ICA进行了比较,结果表明,与B-ICA相比,在不同的块大小下,我们的方法获得了更好的识别率,为70,80 和90 %的数据用于训练模型。

更新日期:2021-04-29
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