Given increasing concerns about the persistence and toxic effects of some sunscreen ingredients in aquatic ecosystems, several states, territories, and nations have banned the sale and/or possession of sunscreens containing chemicals of concern. Little is known, however, about the outcomes or effectiveness of these efforts to reduce the prevalence of toxic chemicals in coastal waters. This article reviews the state of knowledge relating to regulatory and other efforts to reduce the impact of chemical ingredients in sunscreens on aquatic ecosystems, focusing on the following questions: To what extent will local legislative restrictions on ingredients actually reduce the concentrations of chemicals in coastal waters and protect aquatic health? Do these legislative measures effectively decrease overall public use of sunscreens containing potentially harmful ingredients, or would other measures, such as local outreach programs, consumer education, or broad-scale ingredient regulation, be more effective? How might restrictions on chemical UV filters impact human health? Although it is still early to assess the outcomes of recent ingredient bans, their effectiveness is limited by the fact that legislation generally applies only to sunscreens sold within the legislating jurisdiction. Public awareness campaigns can be locally effective, but they are hindered by the absence of clear environmental labeling standards for sunscreen. Although retail and industry groups, and many dermatologists, cite concerns that sunscreen ingredient bans might lead to increased incidences of skin cancer, consumer preferences are influenced by a wide range of factors and no studies clearly document whether restrictions on chemical ingredients will cause people to use sun protection less frequently or less effectively. Until more information is available, many consider it prudent to take a precautionary approach to sunscreen regulation supported by broad-scale, consistent regulatory policies and labeling standards that limit chemical ingredients to those considered safe for human use and ecosystem health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:982–988. © 2021 SETAC

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减少水生环境中防晒霜中化学紫外线过滤剂的流行：监管、公众意识和其他考虑因素

鉴于对水生生态系统中某些防晒成分的持久性和毒性影响的担忧日益增加，一些州、领地和国家已禁止销售和/或拥有含有相关化学物质的防晒霜。然而，人们对这些减少沿海水域有毒化学品流行的努力的结果或有效性知之甚少。本文回顾了与监管和其他努力相关的知识状况，以减少防晒霜中的化学成分对水生生态系统的影响，重点关注以下问题：当地立法对成分的限制实际上会在多大程度上降低沿海水域的化学物质浓度并保护水生健康？这些立法措施是否有效地减少了公众对含有潜在有害成分的防晒霜的整体使用，或者其他措施，如当地外展计划、消费者教育或广泛的成分监管，是否会更有效？对化学紫外线过滤剂的限制如何影响人类健康？尽管评估最近成分禁令的结果还为时过早，但由于立法通常仅适用于立法管辖范围内销售的防晒霜，因此其有效性受到限制。公众意识运动可以在当地有效，但由于缺乏明确的防晒霜环境标签标准而受到阻碍。尽管零售和行业团体以及许多皮肤科医生表示担心防晒霜成分禁令可能会导致皮肤癌发病率增加，但消费者的偏好受到多种因素的影响，并且没有研究清楚地证明对化学成分的限制是否会导致人们使用防晒频率较低或效果较差。在获得更多信息之前，许多人认为在广泛、一致的监管政策和标签标准的支持下对防晒霜监管采取预防性方法是明智的，这些政策和标签标准将化学成分限制为对人类使用和生态系统健康安全的成分。消费者的喜好受到多种因素的影响，没有研究清楚地证明对化学成分的限制是否会导致人们不那么频繁地或不那么有效地使用防晒。在获得更多信息之前，许多人认为在广泛、一致的监管政策和标签标准的支持下对防晒霜监管采取预防性方法是明智的，这些政策和标签标准将化学成分限制为对人类使用和生态系统健康安全的成分。消费者的喜好受到多种因素的影响，没有研究清楚地证明对化学成分的限制是否会导致人们不那么频繁地或不那么有效地使用防晒。在获得更多信息之前，许多人认为在广泛、一致的监管政策和标签标准的支持下对防晒霜监管采取预防性方法是明智的，这些政策和标签标准将化学成分限制为对人类使用和生态系统健康安全的成分。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021；17：982-988。© 2021 SETAC