It is well established that agrochemicals can pose significant threats to native pollinators; however, relatively little is known about pollinator risks associated with agrochemicals that are used on beef cattle feed yards. Recently, feed yard-derived agrochemicals and those from row crop agriculture were quantified on wildflowers growing on the High Plains, USA. To better characterize pollinator risks on the High Plains, we collected colocated wildflowers and foraging bees across three field seasons for analytical determination of residual agrochemicals. Agrochemicals were detected and quantified on the majority of wildflowers (85%) and nearly half of bees (49%). Permethrin was the most frequently detected analyte on wildflowers (32%) and bees (17%). Flower hazard quotients and flower hazard indices were calculated to deterministically evaluate risk to foraging pollinators. Mean flower hazard quotients exceeded one for 5/16 analytes (31%), and flower hazard quotients calculated for 30% of wildflowers were greater than 50. Flower hazard quotients for clothianidin exceeded 400 for 14% of wildflowers, which portends conditions conducive to frequent bee mortalities. Flower hazard indices were greater on wildflowers from mid-July to mid-September as compared with wildflowers collected earlier in the summer, which coincides with row crop planting and increased prevalence of feed yard flies. Hazard quotients and hazard index values calculated from agrochemical residue data suggest that pollinators frequenting wildflowers near beef cattle feed yards and row crops on the High Plains are at risk from both individual sources, and more so when considered in combination. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:163–173. © 2021 SETAC

中文翻译：

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在肉牛饲料场和行作物附近收集的同地野花和野蜂的农用化学品发生

众所周知，农用化学品会对本地授粉媒介构成重大威胁；然而，对于与肉牛饲料场使用的农用化学品相关的传粉媒介风险知之甚少。最近，饲料场衍生的农用化学品和来自行作物农业的农用化学品在美国高平原上生长的野花上进行了量化。为了更好地描述高平原的传粉者风险，我们在三个田间季节收集了同地野花和觅食蜜蜂，以分析测定残留的农用化学品。在大多数野花 (85%) 和近一半的蜜蜂 (49%) 上检测和量化了农用化学品。氯菊酯是野花 (32%) 和蜜蜂 (17%) 中最常检测到的分析物。计算花卉危害商和花卉危害指数，以确定性地评估觅食传粉者的风险。5/16 分析物 (31%) 的平均花卉危险商超过 1，计算出 30% 的野花的花卉危险商大于 50。14% 的野花的噻虫胺花卉危险商超过 400，这预示着有利于频发的条件蜜蜂死亡率。与夏季早些时候采集的野花相比，7 月中旬至 9 月中旬野花的花卉危害指数更高，这与行作物种植和饲料场苍蝇流行率增加相吻合。2022 年整合环境评估管理；18：163–173。© 2021 SETAC