Everyday environments impose acoustical conditions on speech communication that require interlocutors to adapt their behavior to be able to hear and to be heard. Past research has focused mainly on the adaptation of speech level, while few studies investigated how interlocutors adapt their conversational distance as a function of noise level. Similarly, no study tested the interaction between distance and speech level adaptation in noise. In the present study, participant pairs held natural conversations while binaurally listening to identical noise recordings of different realistic environments (range of 53–92 dB sound pressure level), using acoustically transparent headphones. Conversations were in standing or sitting (at a table) conditions. Interlocutor distances were tracked using wireless motion-capture equipment, which allowed subjects to move closer or farther from each other. The results show that talkers adapt their voices mainly according to the noise conditions and much less according to distance. Distance adaptation was highest in the standing condition. Consequently, mainly in the loudest environments, listeners were able to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver location in the standing condition compared to the sitting condition, which became less negative. Analytical approximations are provided for the conversational distance as well as the receiver-related speech and SNR.

中文翻译：

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会话中噪声的距离自适应及其对现实听音环境中信噪比的影响

日常环境在语音交流中施加了声学条件，要求对话者调整其行为以能够听到和听到。过去的研究主要集中在语音水平的适应性上，而很少有研究调查对话者如何根据噪音水平来调整他们的对话距离。同样，没有研究测试距离和语音中语音水平适应之间的相互作用。在本研究中，参与者对进行自然对话，同时使用透声耳机双耳聆听不同现实环境（53-92 dB声压级范围）内的相同噪声记录。谈话是在站立或坐在桌子上的情况下进行的。使用无线运动捕捉设备跟踪对话者的距离，这样可以使主体彼此靠近或远离。结果表明，说话者主要根据噪声条件来适应语音，而很少根据距离来适应。在站立状态下，距离适应性最高。因此，主要是在最嘈杂的环境中，与坐姿相比，听众在站立状态下能够提高接收器位置的信噪比（SNR），负面影响也较小。提供了对话距离以及与接收器有关的语音和SNR的分析近似值。与就座状态相比，主要是在最嘈杂的环境中，听者在站立状态下能够提高接收器位置的信噪比（SNR），而对坐姿的负面影响则较小。提供了对话距离以及与接收器有关的语音和SNR的分析近似值。与就座状态相比，主要是在最嘈杂的环境中，听者在站立状态下能够改善接收器位置的信噪比（SNR）。提供了对话距离以及与接收器有关的语音和SNR的分析近似值。