The conflict between acceptance and disapproval of evolution has led to obstacles in its teaching and learning. Other difficulties, such as both teachers’ and students’ alternative perceptions, student maturity in the face of learning this complicated topic, and teachers’ gaps in evolution knowledge, add to the difficulties in teaching and learning evolution. The aim of this study was to grasp the difficulties in the teaching and learning of evolution perceived by curriculum writers compared to those perceived by in-service junior high school science and technology teachers and high school biology teachers in Israel. The findings revealed a wide range of perceived difficulties in the teaching and learning of evolution, mainly in the fields of religion, teacher and student knowledge, student maturity, and alternative perceptions. A questionnaire distributed among in-service Israeli teachers added strength to interviews with the curriculum writers, with both referring to some of the same difficulties. However, some difficulties were heard only in the interviews. Curriculum writers were more concerned with questions of faith that teaching evolution raises, whereas in-service teachers were concerned with their students’ difficulties in understanding natural selection and mutational randomness. Teacher-training programs that focus on teachers’ lack of evolution knowledge and on pedagogical skills, as well as the design of teaching materials that take into account these difficulties, are recommended for future research.

接受和不赞成进化论之间的冲突导致了其教学过程中的障碍。其他困难，如教师和学生的另类观念，面对这一复杂主题的学生成熟度以及教师在进化知识方面的差距，也增加了教学和学习进化方面的困难。这项研究的目的是要掌握与以色列在职初中科技老师和中学生物学老师相比，课程编写者认为在教学和学习进化方面的困难。研究结果揭示了在教与学进化论方面的广泛感知困难，主要是在宗教，师生知识，学生成熟度和替代观念等领域。在以色列在职教师中分发的调查表增加了对课程编写者的采访的力量，他们都提到了同样的困难。但是，只有在采访中才听到一些困难。课程编写者更关心的是教学进化引起的信仰问题，而在职教师则关注他们的学生在理解自然选择和突变随机性方面的困难。建议为将来的研究推荐以教师缺乏发展知识和教学技能为重点的教师培训计划，以及考虑到这些困难的教材设计。但是，只有在采访中才听到一些困难。课程编写者更关心的是教学进化引起的信仰问题，而在职教师则关注他们的学生在理解自然选择和突变随机性方面的困难。建议为将来的研究推荐以教师缺乏发展知识和教学技能为重点的教师培训计划，以及考虑到这些困难的教材设计。但是，只有在采访中才听到一些困难。课程编写者更关心的是教学进化引起的信仰问题，而在职教师则关注他们的学生在理解自然选择和突变随机性方面的困难。建议为将来的研究推荐以教师缺乏发展知识和教学技能为重点的教师培训计划，以及考虑到这些困难的教材设计。