A new fifth-order alternative finite difference multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is designed to solve the hyperbolic conservation laws in this paper. With the application of the original finite difference multi-resolution WENO schemes (Zhu and Shu, 2018; Zhu and Shu, 2020), a series of unequal-sized central spatial stencils are adopted to perform the WENO procedures, but the difference is that the methodology adopted in this paper is directly based on the point values of the solution rather than on the flux values. The proposed new multi-resolution WENO scheme can inherit many advantages of the original high order schemes, such as the arbitrary choice of the linear weights, the maintenance of the essentially non-oscillatory property in the vicinity of strong discontinuities, the smaller $L^1$ and $L^{\infty }$ truncation errors than that of the same order classical WENOJS schemes (Balsara et al., 2016; Jiang and Shu, 1996) in smooth regions, and better convergence properties of the residue when solving some steady-state problems. Compared with the original multi-resolution WENO schemes, the presented WENO scheme also has some advantages. Firstly, an arbitrary monotone flux can be used in this framework, while the original method is only suitable for smooth flux splitting technique. Secondly, it has smaller $L^1$ and $L^{\infty }$ truncation errors than that of the original same order multi-resolution WENO scheme. And finally, it avoids some time-consuming intermediate processes in the original multi-resolution WENO reconstruction procedures, thus resulting in less calculation time under the same conditions. Some inviscid and viscous numerical examples are provided to verify the superior performance of the new fifth-order alternative finite difference multi-resolution WENO scheme.

为了解决双曲守恒律，设计了一种新的五阶替代有限差分多分辨率加权本质上非振荡（WENO）方案。随着原始有限差分多分辨率WENO方案的应用（Zhu and Shu，2018; Zhu and Shu，2020），采用了一系列不等大小的中央空间模板来执行WENO程序，但不同之处在于本文采用的方法直接基于解决方案的点值，而不是通量值。提出的新的多分辨率WENO方案可以继承原始高阶方案的许多优点，例如线性权重的任意选择，在强不连续性附近维持基本非振荡性，较小${\mathrm{大号}}^{\mathrm{1个}}$ 和 ${\mathrm{大号}}^{\infty }$平滑区域中的截断误差要比相同阶经典WENOJS方案的截断误差（Balsara等人，2016; Jiang and Shu，1996）大，并且在解决某些稳态问题时残基的收敛性更好。与原始的多分辨率WENO方案相比，提出的WENO方案也具有一些优势。首先，可以在该框架中使用任意单调通量，而原始方法仅适用于平滑通量分裂技术。其次，它具有较小的${\mathrm{大号}}^{\mathrm{1个}}$ 和 ${\mathrm{大号}}^{\infty }$截断错误比原始的同一阶多分辨率WENO方案要大。最后，它避免了原始的多分辨率WENO重建过程中的一些耗时的中间过程，从而在相同条件下减少了计算时间。提供了一些无粘性和粘性的数值示例，以验证新的五阶替代有限差分多分辨率WENO方案的优越性能。