The use of various aspects of food processing, including the direct inclusion of nano-additives, are rapidly increasing in the field of nanotechnology to enhance the desired qualities in food production, use and storage. The important role of the human gut microbiota is well understood, including its influence on many physiological functions and its alterations, which play an essential role in various human diseases. Research exploring the effect of engineered and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans on commensal and pathogenic microorganisms is lacking and scarce. Studies should focus on the complex human gut microbiome when investigating the influence of NPs within a human body. Various materials, such as titanium dioxide, silver, silicon dioxide, iron dioxide and zinc oxide, show great potential in affecting the microbiota and causing clinical disorders including colitis, obesity, and immunological dysfunction. This review reports the influence of such nano- food additives towards the gut microbiota (GM), as well as methods to track and monitor the NPs in vivo using techniques such as electron microscopy after interaction with NPs and in vitro gut models currently used to examine the influence of NPs with GM, as well as their limitations.

中文翻译：

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无机纳米颗粒作为食品添加剂及其对人体肠道菌群的影响

食品加工各个方面的使用，包括直接包含纳米添加剂，在纳米技术领域正在迅速增加，以提高食品生产，使用和存储中所需的质量。人体肠道菌群的重要作用已广为人知，包括其对许多生理功能及其改变的影响，这些作用在各种人类疾病中起着至关重要的作用。缺乏和稀少的探索工程化和天然存在的人类胃肠道（GIT）中的纳米颗粒（NPs）对共生和致病微生物的影响的研究。在研究NP在人体中的影响时，研究应集中在复杂的人体肠道微生物组上。各种材料，例如二氧化钛，银，二氧化硅，二氧化铁和氧化锌，在影响微生物群和引起包括结肠炎，肥胖症和免疫功能障碍在内的临床疾病方面显示出巨大潜力。这篇综述报告了这种纳米食品添加剂对肠道菌群（GM）的影响，以及跟踪和监测NP的方法。与NPs相互作用后在体内使用电子显微镜等技术进行体外检测，以及目前用于检查NPs对GM的影响及其局限性的体外肠道模型。