Abstract

Carsharing is becoming an important member of urban mobility systems. The relationship between carsharing and other travel modes, is the base for deciding the proportional role of carsharing. This article defines the relationship, competition or cooperation, based on whether carsharing strengthening or weakening the expected function of other travel modes from the transport system perspective. It proposes the relationship should be studied under the specific characteristics of carsharing trips (e.g., the spatiotemporal distribution), and establishes a method for evaluating the coordination of carsharing with other modes. A survey about carsharing trips was conducted, and valid data generated by 1,330 carsharing users were obtained. The spatiotemporal characteristics of carsharing substituting for subway, buses, taxis, private cars, and nonmotorized vehicles have been analyzed, and the substitution benefits were also evaluated. The results indicate that carsharing in Shanghai was mainly used for long-distance trips in suburbs during off-peak hours, which generally formed a cooperative relationship with public transit, taxis, and nonmotorized vehicles. Phenomenon that carsharing substituting for public transit mainly occurred in long-distance trips in suburbs, with an average 40–50 min travel time saving. Carsharing also substituted for long-distance non-motorized vehicle trips, which improved the mobility of those travelers. To further enhance the coordination, the layout of carsharing stations and operation strategies need to be optimized to reduce the carsharing travel demands during peak hours within urban areas, and to promote carsharing as a substitute for private cars.

摘要

汽车共享正在成为城市交通系统的重要成员。共享汽车与其他出行方式的关系，是决定共享汽车比例作用的基础。本文从交通系统的角度，基于共享汽车是加强还是削弱其他出行方式的预期功能，来界定关系、竞争或合作。提出应根据共享汽车出行的具体特征（如时空分布）研究这种关系，并建立评估共享汽车与其他模式协调性的方法。开展了共享汽车出行调查，获取了1330名共享汽车用户生成的有效数据。共享汽车替代地铁、公交车、出租车、私家车的时空特征，对非机动车和非机动车进行了分析，并对替代效益进行了评价。结果表明，上海的汽车共享主要用于非高峰时段在郊区的长途出行，与公共交通、出租车和非机动车普遍形成了合作关系。共享汽车替代公共交通的现象主要发生在郊区的长途出行中，平均可节省40-50分钟的出行时间。汽车共享也替代了长途非机动车出行，提高了这些旅行者的机动性。为进一步加强协同，优化共享汽车站点布局和运营策略，减少市区高峰时段共享汽车出行需求，推动共享汽车替代私家车。