The focus of the article is on the intersection between domestic violence and parental child abduction, in particular, the interpretation of the Article 13(1)(b) ‘grave risk of harm’ defence in cases involving allegations of domestic violence by the abducting mother against the left-behind father, and on the protection of such abducting mothers in return proceedings. The content of the article is divided into two substantive parts. The first part explores the courts' approach to the grave risk of harm exception to return in circumstances where allegations of domestic violence have been raised. The second part of the article examines the courts' approach to protective measures, including undertakings, in child abduction cases involving allegations of domestic violence. The article engages extensively with the work of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the EU in the area of international parental child abduction, as inter alia, it explores the problem of effectiveness of protective measures with reference to the 1996 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children and the Regulation 606/2013 on mutual recognition of protection measures in civil matters.

中文翻译：

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家庭暴力与国际亲子诱拐的交集：在回返诉讼中保护被拐走的母亲

这篇文章的重点是家庭暴力和父母绑架儿童之间的交叉点，特别是在涉及绑架母亲的家庭暴力指控的案件中对第 13(1)(b) 条“严重伤害风险”辩护的解释反对留守父亲，以及在回返诉讼中保护这些被拐走的母亲。文章内容分为两个实质性部分。第一部分探讨了在提出家庭暴力指控的情况下法院对损害例外的严重风险的处理方法。文章的第二部分考察了法院在涉及家庭暴力指控的诱拐儿童案件中采取的保护措施，包括承诺。