Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, and is linked to functional impairment and increased mortality. While current treatments for MDD are moderately effective, ultimately, up to one third of patients do not achieve full remission. Interestingly, while affective symptoms of major depression typically resolve with the depressive episode, cognitive impairment frequently persists, and has been identified as one of the most prominent predictors of illness recurrence. Additionally, MDD is well-recognised as a key risk factor for further cognitive decline and dementia. Yet, available treatments for MDD do not typically address cognitive impairment. Cognitive training, represents a promising and novel therapeutic intervention in this regard. This review systematically identified and evaluated the evidence for cognitive training in adults with MDD. Following PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies were selected according to pre-defined criteria delineating our target population (adults with clinically defined MDD), parameters for cognitive training interventions (computer-or strategy-based, clinician-facilitated), and study design (controlled trials including pre-post cognitive and psychological or functional outcome data). Of 448 studies identified, nine studies met inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias. Despite heterogeneity, qualitative and meta-analytic synthesis of study findings revealed significant improvements in cognitive and affective outcomes following cognitive training, with moderate pooled effect sizes. Unfortunately, very few studies investigated ‘far transfer’ to broader domains of everyday functioning. Overall, given the strong evidence for the efficacy and value of cognitive training in this context, cognitive training should be considered as a primary therapeutic intervention in the treatment of MDD.

重度抑郁症 (MDD) 很常见且致残，并与功能障碍和死亡率增加有关。虽然目前对 MDD 的治疗效果中等，但最终，多达三分之一的患者没有达到完全缓解。有趣的是，虽然重度抑郁症的情感症状通常会随着抑郁发作而消退，但认知障碍经常持续存在，并且已被确定为疾病复发的最重要预测因素之一。此外，MDD 被公认为进一步认知能力下降和痴呆的关键风险因素。然而，MDD 的可用治疗通常不能解决认知障碍。认知训练在这方面代表了一种有前途的新型治疗干预措施。本综述系统地确定和评估了对患有 MDD 的成人进行认知训练的证据。按照 PRISMA 指南，符合条件的研究是根据描述我们的目标人群（患有临床定义的 MDD 的成年人）、认知训练干预参数（基于计算机或策略、临床医生协助）和研究设计（对照试验）的预定义标准选择的包括事前认知和心理或功能结果数据）。在确定的 448 项研究中，9 项研究符合纳入标准。对这些研究的方法学质量和偏倚风险进行了评估。尽管存在异质性，但对研究结果的定性和元分析综合显示，认知训练后认知和情感结果显着改善，合并效应大小适中。很遗憾，很少有研究调查“远距离转移”到更广泛的日常功能领域。总体而言，鉴于在这种情况下认知训练的有效性和价值的有力证据，认知训练应被视为治疗 MDD 的主要治疗干预措施。