Objective

The aim of this review is to identify how visual occlusion contributes to our understanding of attentional demand and spare visual capacity in driving and the strengths and limitations of the method.

Background

The occlusion technique was developed by John W. Senders to evaluate the attentional demand of driving. Despite its utility, it has been used infrequently in driver attention/inattention research.

Method

Visual occlusion studies in driving published between 1967 and 2020 were reviewed. The focus was on original studies in which the forward visual field was intermittently occluded while the participant was driving.

Results

Occlusion studies have shown that attentional demand varies across situations and drivers and have indicated environmental, situational, and inter-individual factors behind the variability. The occlusion technique complements eye tracking in being able to indicate the temporal requirements for and redundancy in visual information sampling. The proper selection of occlusion settings depends on the target of the research.

Conclusion

Although there are a number of occlusion studies looking at various aspects of attentional demand, we are still only beginning to understand how these demands vary, interact, and covary in naturalistic driving.

Application

The findings of this review have methodological and theoretical implications for human factors research and for the development of distraction monitoring and in-vehicle system testing. Distraction detection algorithms and testing guidelines should consider the variability in drivers’ situational and individual spare visual capacity.

中文翻译：

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遮挡作为评估驾驶注意力需求工具的综述

客观的

本综述的目的是确定视觉遮挡如何有助于我们理解驾驶中的注意力需求和备用视觉能力以及该方法的优点和局限性。

背景

遮挡技术由 John W. Senders 开发，用于评估驾驶的注意力需求。尽管它很实用，但它很少用于驾驶员注意力/注意力不集中研究。

方法

对 1967 年至 2020 年间发表的驾驶视觉遮挡研究进行了回顾。重点是原始研究，其中参与者在驾驶时前向视野被间歇性遮挡。

结果

遮挡研究表明，注意力需求因情况和驱动因素而异，并表明了这种变化背后的环境、情境和个体间因素。遮挡技术补充了眼动追踪，能够指示视觉信息采样的时间要求和冗余。遮挡设置的正确选择取决于研究的目标。

结论

尽管有许多遮挡研究着眼于注意力需求的各个方面，但我们仍然刚刚开始了解这些需求在自然驾驶中如何变化、相互作用和协变。

应用

这篇综述的研究结果对于人为因素研究以及分心监测和车载系统测试的发展具有方法论和理论意义。分心检测算法和测试指南应考虑驾驶员情境和个人备用视觉能力的变化。