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Water, land, and energy use efficiencies and financial evaluation of air conditioner cooled greenhouses based on field experiments
Journal of Arid Land ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s40333-021-0060-y
Ibtihal Al-Manthria , Abdulrahim M. Al-Ismailia , Hemesiri Kotagamab , Mumtaz Khanc , L. H. Janitha Jeewanthad

High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner (AC) in warm and humid regions. This study aims to evaluate the techno-financial aspects of the AC-cooled greenhouse as compared to the evaporative cooled (EV-cooled) greenhouse in winter and summer seasons. Two quonset single-span prototype greenhouses were built in the Agriculture Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, with dimensions of 6.0 m long and 3.0 m wide. The AC-cooled greenhouse was covered by a rockwool insulated polyethylene plastic sheet and light emitting diodes (LED) lights were used as a source of light, while the EV-cooled greenhouse was covered by a transparent polyethylene sheet and sunlight was used as light source. Three cultivars of high-value lettuce were grown for experimentation. To evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse performance, we conducted measures on land use efficiency (LUE), water use efficiency (WUE), gross water use efficiency (GWUE) and energy use efficiency (EUE). Financial analysis was conducted to compare the profitability of both greenhouses. The results showed that the LUE in winter were 10.10 and 14.50 kg/m2 for the AC- and EV-cooled greenhouses, respectively. However, the values reduced near to 6.80 kg/m2 in both greenhouses in summer. The WUE of the AC-cooled greenhouse was higher than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse by 3.8% in winter and 26.8% in summer. The GWUE was used to measure the total yield to the total greenhouse water consumption including irrigation and cooling water; it was higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse than in the EV-cooled greenhouse in both summer and winter seasons by almost 98.0%–99.4%. The EUE in the EV-cooled greenhouse was higher in both seasons. Financial analysis showed that in winter, gross return, net return and benefit-to-cost ratio were better in the EV-cooled greenhouse, while in summer, those were higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse. The values of internal rate of return in the AC- and EV-cooled greenhouses were 63.4% and 129.3%, respectively. In both greenhouses, lettuce investment was highly sensitive to changes in price, yield and energy cost. The financial performance of the AC-cooled greenhouse in summer was better than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse and the pattern was opposite in winter. Finally, more studies on the optimum LED light intensity for any particular crop have to be conducted over different growing seasons in order to enhance the yield quantity and quality of crop.



中文翻译:

基于田间试验的空调冷却温室的水,土地和能源利用效率和财务评估

可以通过在温暖和潮湿地区使用机械制冷冷却系统(例如空调(AC))来控制温室中的高温和高湿度。本研究旨在评估与冬季和夏季的蒸发冷却(EV冷却)温室相比,AC冷却温室的技术-财务方面。在阿曼苏丹卡布斯大学农业试验站建造了两个Quonset单跨原型温室,长6.0m,宽3.0m。交流冷却的温室用岩棉绝缘的聚乙烯塑料板覆盖,而发光二极管(LED)灯用作光源,而EV冷却的温室用透明的聚乙烯板覆盖,而日光用作光源。种植了三个高价值生菜品种进行实验。为了评估温室性能的技术效率,我们对土地利用效率(LUE),水利用效率(WUE),总水利用效率(GWUE)和能源利用效率(EUE)进行了测量。进行了财务分析以比较两个温室的获利能力。结果表明,冬季的LUE分别为10.10和14.50 kg / m2个分别用于AC和EV冷却温室。但是,该值降低到6.80 kg / m 2左右在夏天的两个温室中。AC冷却温室的WUE冬季比EV冷却温室的WUE高3.88%,夏季比WEV冷却温室的WUE高26.8%。GWUE被用来测量包括灌溉和冷却水在内的温室总用水量的总产量;在夏季和冬季,使用AC冷却的温室比使用EV冷却的温室要高近98.0%–99.4%。在两个季节中,EV冷却温室中的EUE均较高。财务分析表明,冬季,EV冷却温室的总收益,净收益和成本收益比更好,而夏季,AC冷却温室的总收益,净收益和成本收益比更高。AC和EV冷却温室的内部收益率分别为63.4%和129.3%。在两个温室里 生菜投资对价格,产量和能源成本的变化高度敏感。夏季使用交流制冷温室的财务状况要好于电动制冷温室,而冬季则相反。最后,必须在不同的生长季节进行针对任何特定作物的最佳LED光强度的更多研究,以提高作物的产量和质量。

更新日期:2021-04-29
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