Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form symbioses with many terrestrial plant species and are important for the water and nutrient absorption required for the growth of Pinus tabuliformis seedlings. The ECM fungal community influences many important ecosystem processes. However, the effect of artificially applying these fungi to P. tabuliformis in the field has rarely been studied over a long period of time. Here, we inoculated ten-year-old P. tabuliformis with Suillus variegatus on the Loess Plateau and conducted a three-year observation. After measuring the growth indices of P. tabuliformis, the properties of the rhizosphere soil, and the diversity of the rhizosphere soil fungal communities, we found that S. variegatus increased soil nitrate-nitrogen (NN) and available phosphorus (AP) contents. The height of new buds, chlorophyll content, and viability of P. tabuliformis significantly improved with the addition of ECM fungi. At the same time, inoculation with ECM fungi significantly increased the soil fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of P. tabuliformis. Taken together, the results suggest that ECM fungi play an important role in the ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau and can be manually applied to forestlands to increase ten-year-old P. tabuliformis survival as well as local soil fungal diversity.

外生菌根（ECM）真菌与许多陆生植物物种共生，对于油松幼苗生长所需的水分和养分吸收非常重要。ECM真菌群落影响许多重要的生态系统过程。但是，在很长一段时间内，很少研究将这些真菌人工施用到油松假单胞菌中的效果。在这里，我们在黄土高原上给十岁的烟粉虱接种了变异乳杆菌（Suillus variegatus），并进行了为期三年的观察。通过测量油松的生长指数，根际土壤的性质以及根际土壤真菌群落的多样性，我们发现变异链球菌增加了土壤硝态氮（NN）和有效磷（AP）的含量。添加ECM真菌后，油菜假单胞菌的新芽高度，叶绿素含量和活力显着提高。同时，接种ECM真菌显着增加了油松根际土壤真菌的多样性。两者合计，结果表明，ECM真菌在黄土高原的生态恢复中起着重要作用，可以手动应用于林地，以增加10岁的油松病菌的存活率以及当地土壤真菌的多样性。