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Study of ion transportation and electrodeposition under hybrid agitation for electroforming of variable aspect ratios micro structures
Precision Engineering ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.04.008
Honggang Zhang , Nan Zhang , Fengzhou Fang

Microstructural replication accuracy in precision micro electroforming process is related to ions transportation inside the micro structure and microstructural feature width and aspect ratio. In this study, a novel star pattern having a varying feature width of 20–320 μm with a corresponding aspect ratio of 5–0.3125 is proposed to characterize ion transportation and electrodeposition for electroforming of micro structures under a hybrid agitation of cathode rotation and jetting. Using designed patterns, simulations and electroforming experiments are conducted to systematically investigate the effect of flow fields on the diffusion layer thickness and current density on the microstructural filling precision. The results demonstrate that a hybrid flow combining cathode rotation and jetting can significantly enhance mass transfer with a ~33% reduction of diffusion layer thickness inside the micro structure with a high aspect ratio of 5, compared to individual rotating or jetting flow. The diffusion-based mass transfer is dominated inside the micro structure with an aspect ratio is greater than 1, where maximum relative replication error of depth is up to ~21.5% with an aspect ratio of 5. With the aspect ratio less than 1, the convection-dominated mass transfer can be significantly enhanced, where the minimum relative replication error of depth decreases to ~0.1%. The hybrid agitation is proved to be effective to supply ions for electrodeposition of micro structures. Additionally, the results also indicate that a low current density of 18 A/m2 should be used for defect-free electroforming of high-aspect-ratio micro structures based on hybrid agitation.



中文翻译:

混合搅拌下离子传输和电沉积变长径比微结构的电铸研究

精密微电铸工艺中的微结构复制精度与离子在微结构内部的传输以及微结构特征的宽度和纵横比有关。在这项研究中,提出了一种新颖的星形图案,其特征宽度为20-320μm,纵横比为5-0.3125,用于表征在阴极旋转和喷射混合搅拌下进行微结构电铸的离子传输和电沉积。使用设计的图案,进行了模拟和电铸实验,系统地研究了流场对扩散层厚度和电流密度对微结构填充精度的影响。结果表明,与单独的旋转或喷射流相比,将阴极旋转和喷射相结合的混合流可以显着增强传质,并且微结构内部的扩散层厚度降低约33%,高纵横比为5。基于扩散的传质在微结构内部占主导地位,其长宽比大于1,其中,长宽比为5时,深度的最大相对复制误差高达〜21.5%。当长宽比小于1时,对流主导的传质可以显着增强,其中深度的最小相对复制误差降至〜0.1%。事实证明,混合搅拌可有效地提供离子,以用于微结构的电沉积。此外,结果还表明低电流密度为18 A / m 与单个旋转或喷射流相比。基于扩散的传质在微结构内部占主导地位,其长宽比大于1,其中,长宽比为5时,深度的最大相对复制误差高达〜21.5%。当长宽比小于1时,对流主导的传质可以显着增强,其中深度的最小相对复制误差降至〜0.1%。事实证明,混合搅拌可有效地提供离子,以用于微结构的电沉积。此外,结果还表明低电流密度为18 A / m 与单个旋转或喷射流相比。基于扩散的传质在微结构内部占主导地位,其长宽比大于1,其中,长宽比为5时,深度的最大相对复制误差高达〜21.5%。当长宽比小于1时,对流主导的传质可以显着增强,其中深度的最小相对复制误差降至〜0.1%。事实证明,混合搅拌可有效地提供离子,以用于微结构的电沉积。此外,结果还表明低电流密度为18 A / m 当纵横比小于1时,对流主导的传质可以显着增强,其中深度的最小相对复制误差降低到〜0.1%。事实证明,混合搅拌可有效地提供离子,以用于微结构的电沉积。此外,结果还表明低电流密度为18 A / m 当纵横比小于1时,对流主导的传质可以显着增强,其中深度的最小相对复制误差降低到〜0.1%。事实证明,混合搅拌可有效地提供离子,以用于微结构的电沉积。此外,结果还表明低电流密度为18 A / m2应该用于基于混合搅拌的高纵横比微结构的无缺陷电铸。

更新日期:2021-05-06
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