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Effects of bruising of ‘Pink Lady’ apple under impact loading in drop test on firmness, colour and gas exchange of fruit during long term storage
Postharvest Biology and Technology ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111561
H. Kursat Celik , Hayri Ustun , Mustafa Erkan , Allan E.W. Rennie , Ibrahim Akinci

The bruising phenomenon of apple fruit under impact loading is still a very important problem to be solved in order to design optimal harvest and processing systems and for ensuring the quality of the fruit during long-term periods of storage. This study focused on deformation simulation of apples (cv.’ Pink Lady’) under dynamic impact loading during drop tests in order to describe time-dependent bruising occurrence and the bruising effect on the postharvest fruit quality during long-term storage. In the study, analytical, experimental methods and finite element analysis based explicit dynamics simulation techniques were employed. Three drop heights (250 mm, 500 mm and 750 mm) and three impact materials (structural steel, high-density polyethylene and wood) and single fruit orientation (transverse) for the drop tests were considered. Experimental drop test, physical and chromatographic analyses at the time of harvest (first testing day) and during storage periods of 30, 120 and 210 days were realised. Physical and chromatographic analyses revealed that damaged apples lost a greater amount of weight when considering the increase in drop height. Furthermore, bruised surfaces of apples lost their luminosity just after the drop test. Ethylene production and respiration rates rapidly increased just after the fruit bruising and this increase was correlated with the drop height. Additionally, material tests revealed the yield stress point of the apple as 0.385 MPa and the simulation results provided useful visuals and numerical data related to the time-dependent bruising phenomenon. The validation study on the experimental and simulation setup revealed that bruising surface area is a more accurate measurement than bruise volume when evaluating bruising on the fruit flesh through a numerical method-based simulation study (average relative difference: 5.5 %).



中文翻译:

跌落试验中冲击载荷下“粉红色淑女”苹果青紫对长期保存期间水果硬度,颜色和气体交换的影响

为了设计最佳的收获和加工系统并确保长期储存期间的水果质量,在冲击载荷下苹果果实的青紫现象仍然是要解决的非常重要的问题。这项研究的重点是跌落试验期间在动态冲击载荷下苹果(cv。“粉红夫人”)的变形模拟,以描述时间依赖性青紫的发生以及青紫对长期贮藏后果实品质的影响。在研究中,采用了基于显式动力学仿真技术的分析,实验方法和有限元分析。考虑了三种跌落高度(250 mm,500 mm和750 mm)和三种冲击材料(结构钢,高密度聚乙烯和木材)和用于跌落测试的单个水果取向(横向)。在收获时(第一个测试日)以及在30、120和210天的存储期间实现了实验性跌落试验,物理和色谱分析。物理和色谱分析表明,当考虑下降高度的增加时,受损的苹果损失了更多的重量。此外,跌落测试后,苹果表面被擦伤的光度消失了。刚发生水果青紫后,乙烯的产量和呼吸速率迅速增加,并且这种增加与下降高度相关。此外,材料测试显示苹果的屈服应力点为0.385 MPa,模拟结果提供了与时间相关的青紫现象有关的有用的视觉和数值数据。

更新日期:2021-04-28
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