Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters controlled by atomic accuracy (i. e. atomically precise metal NCs) have recently attracted considerable attention as active sites in heterogeneous catalysts. Using these atomically precise metal NCs, it becomes possible to create novel heterogeneous catalysts based on a size-specific electronic/geometrical structure of metal NCs and understand the mechanism of the catalytic reaction easily. However, to create high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs, it is often necessary to remove the ligands from the metal NCs. This review summarizes previous studies on the creation of heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs while focusing on the calcination as a ligand-elimination method. Through this summary, we intend to share state-of-art techniques and knowledge on (1) experimental conditions suitable for creating high-performance heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., support type, metal NC type, ligand type, and calcination temperature), (2) the mechanism of calcination, and (3) the mechanism of catalytic reaction over the created heterogeneous catalyst. We also discuss (4) issues that should be addressed in the future toward the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs. The knowledge and issues described in this review are expected to lead to clear design guidelines for the creation of novel heterogeneous catalysts.

中文翻译：

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试图通过受控的配体从原子精确的金属纳米团簇中解吸来创建高性能的多相催化剂

受原子精度控制的配体保护的金属纳米团簇（即作为非均相催化剂中的活性位点，原子精确的金属NCs最近已引起了相当大的关注。使用这些原子精确的金属NC，可以基于金属NC的尺寸特定的电子/几何结构来创建新型的非均相催化剂，并容易地理解催化反应的机理。但是，为了使用原子精确的金属NC创建高性能的多相催化剂，通常需要从金属NC中除去配体。这篇综述总结了以前关于使用原子精确的金属NC创建多相催化剂的研究，同时着重于煅烧作为消除配体的方法。通过此摘要，例如，载体类型，金属NC类型，配体类型和煅烧温度），（2）煅烧机理，以及（3）在生成的非均相催化剂上催化反应的机理。我们还讨论了（4）将来应解决的问题，这些问题是使用原子精确的金属NC创建高性能多相催化剂的问题。预计本综述中描述的知识和问题将为创建新型多相催化剂带来清晰的设计指南。