Abstract

Current automotive brake systems (pneumatic/hydraulic) are based on a split design: a central unit providing pressure and brake calipers transforming this pressure into clamping forces. Existing electromechanical brake calipers work without a central unit; but despite their simplicity they are not yet used. One major reason is the need of high forces and high electrical power for loading brake pads and calipers during braking. A possible solution is the application of a statically balanced spring mechanism; it stores elastic energy in a preloaded reversible spring mechanism integrated in the caliper. Using a nonlinear linkage mechanism, the stored energy transfers back and forth to and from the elastic parts of the brake caliper. Consequently, the additional power needed for applying and releasing the brake reduces significantly. The article analyzes the basic feasibility of such an actuator based on a double slider crank mechanism, which is determined for an application in a typical automotive disk brake caliper with high clamping forces of 20 kN. Experimental results from a demonstrator under real friction and stiffness conditions are presented and analyzed based on a theoretical model. The results prove the benefits of reducing driving power and also reveal critical points of the design.

摘要

当前的汽车制动系统（气动/液压）基于分体式设计：中央单元提供压力，制动卡钳将这种压力转化为夹紧力。现有的机电制动卡钳无需中央单元即可工作；但尽管它们很简单，但尚未使用。一个主要原因是在制动过程中需要大的力和大的电力来加载刹车片和卡钳。一种可能的解决方案是应用静态平衡弹簧机构；它将弹性能量存储在集成在卡钳中的预加载可逆弹簧机构中。使用非线性连杆机构，存储的能量在制动钳的弹性部件之间来回传递。因此，施加和释放制动器所需的额外动力显着减少。本文分析了这种基于双滑块曲柄机构的致动器的基本可行性，该致动器被确定用于具有 20 kN 高夹紧力的典型汽车盘式制动钳。根据理论模型介绍和分析了演示器在实际摩擦和刚度条件下的实验结果。结果证明了降低驱动功率的好处，也揭示了设计的关键点。