Abstract

Staying longer in outer space will inevitably increase the health risks of astronauts due to the exposures to galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. Exposure may pose a significant hazard to space flight crews not only during the mission but also later, when slow-developing adverse effects could finally become apparent. The body of literature examining ground-based outcomes in response to high-energy charged-particle radiation suggests differential effects in response to different particles and energies. Numerous animal and cellular models have repeatedly demonstrated the negative effects of high-energy charged-particle on the brain and cognitive function. However, research on the role of space radiation in potentiating cardiovascular dysfunction is still in its early stages. This review summarizes the available data from studies using ground-based animal models to evaluate the response of the brain and heart to the high-energy charged particles of GCR and SPE, addresses potential sex differences in these effects, and aims to highlight gaps in the current literature for future study.

摘要

由于暴露在银河系宇宙射线和太阳粒子事件中，在外太空停留更长时间将不可避免地增加宇航员的健康风险。不仅在任务期间，而且在以后缓慢发展的不利影响最终可能变得明显时，暴露可能对航天飞行人员构成重大危害。研究地面结果对高能带电粒子辐射的反应的大量文献表明，对不同粒子和能量的反应不同。许多动物和细胞模型反复证明了高能带电粒子对大脑和认知功能的负面影响。然而，关于空间辐射在增强心血管功能障碍中的作用的研究仍处于早期阶段。