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Cover crop mixtures enhance stability but not productivity in a semi-arid climate
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-27 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20695
Jose G. Franco 1, 2 , Greta Gaye Gramig 3 , Kenneth P. Beamer 3, 4 , John R. Hendrickson 1
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Cover crops are a critical component of sustainable agroecosystems, yet their performance in semi-arid environments with short growing seasons and highly variable precipitation is inconsistent. To evaluate productivity and stability of single species vs. multi-species cover crop plantings with variable water input, cover crops were evaluated at two sites in North Dakota under dryland and dryland plus irrigation conditions. Cover crop treatments consisted of three warm-season monocultures, a three warm-season species mixture (MIX3), and a three warm-season and three cool-season species mixture (MIX6). Averaged across year and water regime, biomass production was not greater for mixtures (8,693 kg ha–1, MIX3; 10,212 kg ha–1, MIX6) than for the most productive monoculture (11,295 kg ha–1, sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.]) at the West site. The same held true at the East site (7,486 kg ha–1, MIX3; 8,603 kg ha–1, MIX6), with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] producing the most biomass, 10,886 kg ha–1, of all monocultures. At the West site, variability in production was lowest for MIX6 when pooled across year and water regime (CV = 25%) compared to monocultures (CV ≥ 49%). At the East site, cowpea had the lowest CV (24%) while mixtures averaged 35%. Pooled across sites, production in the MIX6 plots had the lowest variability (29%). Grasses consistently contributed to high proportions of total biomass production compared to other functional types. Multi-species cover crop mixtures are more versatile than single species plantings across climates, and resilient cover crop mixtures integrated into semi-arid crop rotations as full- season plantings should include warm and cool season grasses.

中文翻译:

在半干旱气候下,覆盖作物混合物可提高稳定性,但不能提高生产力

覆盖作物是可持续农业生态系统的重要组成部分,但它们在生长季节短、降水变化大的半干旱环境中的表现并不一致。为了评估具有可变水输入的单一物种与多物种覆盖作物种植的生产力和稳定性,在北达科他州的两个地点在旱地和旱地加灌溉条件下评估了覆盖作物。覆盖作物处理包括三个暖季单一栽培、三个暖季物种混合物 (MIX3) 和三个暖季和三个冷季物种混合物 (MIX6)。平均跨年份和水情,混合作物的生物量产量(8,693 kg ha –1,MIX3;10,212 kg ha –1,MIX6)并不比最高产的单一栽培(11,295 kg ha–1 , 向日葵 [ Helianthus annuus L.]) 在西部站点。东部场地也是如此(7,486 kg ha –1,MIX3;8,603 kg ha –1,MIX6),豇豆 [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] 产生最多的生物量,10,886 kg ha –1,所有单一文化。在西部地区,与单一栽培 (CV ≥ 49%) 相比,跨年份和水情汇集时 MIX6 的产量变异性最低 (CV = 25%)。在东站,豇豆的 CV 最低 (24%),而混合物平均为 35%。跨站点汇总,MIX6 地块中的产量具有最低的可变性 (29%)。与其他功能类型相比,草在总生物质产量中的比例一直很高。多物种覆盖作物混合物在不同气候条件下比单一物种种植更具通用性,并且将弹性覆盖作物混合物整合到半干旱作物轮作中,因为全季种植应包括暖季和冷季草。
更新日期:2021-04-27
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