Shallow aquifers are vulnerable to natural geogenic processes as well as anthropogenic influences, and this is especially apparent in desert regions. Within arid and hyperarid climates, evaporation is a controlling hydrologic process leads to an important increase in the concentration of dissolved minerals of both surface water and groundwater. In groundwater, this increase is not only dependent on shallow water table depth, but also on the hydraulic properties of sediments present within the unsaturated zone of the aquifer itself. The main objective of this research is to investigate possible mechanisms that might influence water quality changes under seasonal conditions in shallow aquifers situated within the Saharan desert region of Algeria. In this work, we focus on observed changes in hydrogeochemical characteristics, and the possible responsible processes. Under arid conditions, high water mineralization results in hypersaline water or brine solution formation within shallow aquifers. Due to active physico-chemical mechanisms such as Na⁺/Ca²⁺ ion exchange, the successive precipitation of calcite, gypsum, mirabilite or blœdite and halite is induced. Biological processes were also observed as prevalent; evidenced by large measured variations in CO₂ load concentrations. These processes contributed to an inverse relationship between CO₂ and O₂ concentrations within the shallow aquifers studied.

浅层含水层易受自然成因过程和人为影响的影响，在沙漠地区尤为明显。在干旱和高干旱气候下，蒸发是一种控制性的水文过程，导致地表水和地下水中溶解性矿物质的浓度显着增加。在地下水中，这种增加不仅取决于浅层地下水位，而且还取决于含水层自身非饱和区内存在的沉积物的水力特性。这项研究的主要目的是研究阿尔及利亚撒哈拉沙漠地区浅层含水层在季节性条件下可能会影响水质变化的可能机制。在这项工作中，我们着重观察水文地球化学特征的变化，以及可能负责任的流程。在干旱条件下，高矿化度导致浅层含水层中形成高盐度水或盐水溶液。由于活跃的物理化学机制（例如Na）⁺ / Ca ²⁺离子交换，诱导了方解石，石膏，芒硝或褐铁矿和ha石的连续沉淀。生物学过程也很普遍。CO ₂负载浓度的较大测量变化证明了这一点。这些过程促使研究的浅层含水层中的CO ₂和O ₂浓度成反比关系。