In this paper, we assess the lightweight efficiency of the realistic 3D model data through comparative tests by introducing the realistic three-dimensional model into building information modeling (BIM) design. To meet the varied needs of engineering design in the construction field at different stages, a quality evaluation method for the lightweight realistic 3D model is proposed, with the texture quality and plane positioning accuracy of the model taken into account. The results show that the best lightweight coefficient of realistic 3D model data in film box (FBX) format is 40%. Under a lightweight coefficient at 40%, the amount of model data is reduced by 25%, with only small holes incurred in the texture, and the atness error is $\pm$9 mm. After lightweight processing, the model meets the requirements of BIM designers for vision and plane positioning accuracy. By putting forward a data lightweight processing standard and a model evaluation method based on the idea of BIM design, we aimed to solve the challenges in applying realistic 3D models to BIM design due to the large amounts of data, thereby to lay a foundation for wider application of realistic 3D models to BIM design.

在本文中，我们通过将逼真的三维模型引入建筑信息模型（BIM）设计中，通过比较测试来评估逼真的3D模型数据的轻量级效率。为了满足不同阶段施工现场工程设计的不同需求，提出了一种轻量级逼真的3D模型的质量评估方法，同时考虑了模型的纹理质量和平面定位精度。结果表明，胶片盒（FBX）格式的逼真的3D模型数据的最佳轻量化系数为40％。在40％的轻量系数下，模型数据量减少了25％，纹理中仅出现了小孔，并且atness误差为$\pm$9毫米。经过轻量化处理后，该模型满足了BIM设计人员对视觉和平面定位精度的要求。通过提出基于BIM设计思想的数据轻量级处理标准和模型评估方法，我们旨在解决由于数据量大而将逼真的3D模型应用于BIM设计所面临的挑战，从而为更广泛的应用奠定基础。逼真的3D模型在BIM设计中的应用。