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Nutritive and non-nutritive effects of compost on organic dryland wheat in Utah
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-26 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20698
Kareem A. Adeleke 1 , Idowu A. Atoloye 1 , J. Earl Creech 1 , Xin Dai 1 , Jennifer R. Reeve 1
Affiliation  

Organic dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Utah and the intermountain western United States; however, growers face numerous challenges maintaining yield, grain quality, soil fertility, and health. Wheat yields in the West are severely constrained by lack of rainfall, so dryland organic wheat farmers generally do not grow cover crops due to the risk of subsequent crop failure or apply soil amendments due to the inability to recoup application costs in the short term. Compost may have significant non-nutritive as well as nutritive effects on soil processes, however, potentially changing calculations of perceived costs vs. benefits. The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of a one-time compost application on soil health, yield, and crop quality in an organic dryland wheat–fallow system in northern Utah. Four rates of compost, applied once, (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 Mg ha−1 dry weight, DW) were compared to anhydrous ammonia (50 kg N ha−1) applied at planting. Mineralizable C, microbial biomass, and phosphatase enzyme activity increased significantly at all compost rates, while available soil P increased at the 25 and 50 Mg ha−1 rates and total soil N at the 50 Mg ha rate−1. Soil moisture was generally no different between treatments. Wheat yield was significantly greater 3 yr after application at the 50 Mg ha−1 compost rate only, with no response to conventional fertilizer. A lack of yield response to conventional fertilizer suggests that non-nutritive benefits of improved soil health were responsible for improved yields at the high compost rate.

中文翻译:

堆肥对犹他州有机旱地小麦的营养和非营养影响

有机旱地小麦 ( Triticum aestivumL.) 是犹他州和美国西部山区的重要作物;然而,种植者在保持产量、谷物质量、土壤肥力和健康方面面临着许多挑战。西部地区的小麦产量因降雨量不足而受到严重限制,因此旱地有机小麦农民通常不会种植覆盖作物,因为存在随后作物歉收的风险,或者由于无法在短期内收回施用成本而施用土壤改良剂。堆肥可能对土壤过程具有显着的非营养和营养影响,但是,可能会改变感知成本与收益的计算。本研究的目的是量化一次性堆肥对犹他州北部有机旱地小麦休耕系统中土壤健康、产量和作物质量的影响。四种比例的堆肥,施用一次,(0, 12.5, 25,-1干重,DW) 与种植时施用的无水氨(50 kg N ha -1)进行比较。可矿化碳、微生物生物量和磷酸酶活性在所有堆肥率下均显着增加,而有效土壤 P 在 25 和 50 Mg ha -1率下增加,土壤总氮在 50 Mg ha 率下增加-1。土壤水分在处理之间通常没有差异。仅以50 Mg ha -1堆肥率施用后 3 年小麦产量显着增加,对常规肥料没有反应。对传统肥料缺乏产量反应表明,改善土壤健康的非营养效益是在高堆肥率下提高产量的原因。
更新日期:2021-04-26
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