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First record of a giant bird (Ornithuromorpha) from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the Southern Pyrenees, northeast Spain
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-26 , DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1900210
Manuel Pérez-Pueyo 1 , Eduardo Puértolas-Pascual 1, 2, 3 , Miguel Moreno-Azanza 1, 2, 3 , Penélope Cruzado-Caballero 1, 4, 5, 6 , José Manuel Gasca 1 , Carmen Núñez-Lahuerta 1, 2, 3 , José Ignacio Canudo 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Throughout the evolutionary history of Avialae, several members of this clade have evolved into giant forms, in different time periods and ecological contexts. In Europe, the first birds that show this condition, the Gargantuaviidae, occur during the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian), but it is during the Paleogene when more groups evolve large forms. However, until now, there was no record of any giant bird during the late Maastrichtian of Europe, close to the K/Pg boundary. Here we describe a cervical vertebra (MPZ 2019/264) from Beranuy (Huesca, NE Spain), which is the first fossil evidence of a giant bird from the late Maastrichtian of Europe, within Chron C29r. The vertebra displays some features, such as a well-marked heterocoelous articulation, lateral pneumatic foramina, ventral carotid processes, and a low neural spine, that support its inclusion within the clade Ornithuromorpha. This phylogenetic assignment is supported by two cladistic analyses. The vertebra is clearly different from the one assigned to Gargantuavis, meaning that it belonged to a distinct taxon. Although the kinship between these two taxa of giant birds is still unclear, this finding demonstrates that large-sized birds were part of the ecological communities of the Ibero-Armorican island from the late Campanian to the Late Maastrichtian, being present during the last hundreds of thousands of years prior to the K/Pg extinction event.



中文翻译:

来自西班牙东北部南比利牛斯山脉最上端的马斯特里赫特山脉的巨鸟(Ornithuromorpha)的首次记录

摘要

在整个 Aviaae 的进化历史中,这个分支的几个成员在不同的时间段和生态环境中已经进化成巨大的形式。在欧洲,最早出现这种情况的鸟类 Gargantuaviidae 出现在晚白垩世(晚坎帕阶 - 早马斯特里赫特),但在古近纪期间,更多的群体进化出大型形式。然而,直到现在,在欧洲马斯特里赫特晚期,靠近 K/Pg 边界的地方,还没有任何巨鸟的记录。在这里,我们描述了来自 Beranuy(西班牙东北部韦斯卡)的颈椎(MPZ 2019/264),这是 Chron C29r 中来自欧洲马斯特里赫特晚期的巨型鸟类的第一个化石证据。椎骨显示出一些特征,例如明显的异质关节、外侧气动孔、腹侧颈动脉突和低位神经棘,支持它包含在进化枝 Ornithuromorpha 中。这种系统发育分配得到了两个分支分析的支持。椎骨明显不同于分配给的椎骨Gargantuavis,这意味着它属于一个独特的分类群。尽管这两种巨型鸟类的亲缘关系尚不清楚,但这一发现表明大型鸟类是从坎帕阶晚期到马斯特里赫特晚期的伊比利亚-阿莫里克岛生态群落的一部分,在过去的数百年中一直存在。在 K/Pg 灭绝事件之前数千年。

更新日期:2021-04-26
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