Although economies of scale are relatively well studied in the arts, economies of scope have received less attention. Yet recent trends toward freelancing and technological connectivity make scope economies especially timely in addressing structural challenges to artist-led incubators. This paper offers a conceptual framework for cooperative strategies that employ economies of scope both in the economic sense of joint production and in the financial sense of risk pooling. This framework distinguishes franchise, federation, and resource-sharing organizational structures as developed through case studies of two US-based organizations: ArtBuilt and REC (Resources for Every Creator), placed in a larger context of cooperative organizational strategy in the USA and Europe. The proposed strategies of cooperative networks (quasi-franchises, federations, or resource-sharing networks) also draw on a literature of spatial agglomeration in creative industries. The framework leads to more speculative ideas of “balance-sheet philanthropy” through credit backstopping by foundations, and of novel investment trusts that can be piloted across a range organizations including foundations, grant-makers, artist residency programs, and even for-profit companies engaged in reinsurance. The paper contributes managerial tools and strategies for the creative engagement of capacity building in arts organizations.

尽管规模经济在本领域中研究得比较充分，但是范围经济却受到的关注较少。然而，自由职业和技术连接的最新趋势使范围经济特别及时，以应对艺术家主导的孵化器的结构性挑战。本文为在联合生产的经济意义上和在风险共担的财务意义上采用范围经济的合作战略提供了一个概念框架。该框架区分了特许经营，联盟和资源共享的组织结构，这是通过对两个美国组织ArtBuilt和REC（每个创建者的资源）进行案例研究而开发的，它们被置于美国和欧洲的合作组织战略的较大背景下。拟议的合作网络策略（准特许经营，联合会，或资源共享网络）也借鉴了创意产业中空间集聚的文献。该框架通过基金会的信贷支持引发了更多的“资产负债表慈善”投机性想法，并且可以在包括基金会，赠款制作人，艺术家驻地计划甚至营利性公司在内的各种组织中试用新型投资信托从事再保险。本文为艺术组织中能力建设的创造性参与提供了管理工具和策略。以及可以在一系列组织（包括基金会，赠款制作人，艺术家驻地计划，甚至从事再保险的营利性公司）中试行的新型投资信托。本文为艺术组织中能力建设的创造性参与提供了管理工具和策略。以及可以在一系列组织（包括基金会，赠款制作人，艺术家驻地计划，甚至从事再保险的营利性公司）中试行的新型投资信托。本文为艺术组织中能力建设的创造性参与提供了管理工具和策略。