Three types of well-defined stabilizers, based on 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), including poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-b-PMMA), and PDMAEMA-co-PMMA, were synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) solution polymerization and used as well-defined cationic stabilizers in emulsion (co)polymerization of styrene and/or methyl methacrylate (MMA). Because of different characteristics of MMA and styrene, using varying ratios of these monomer as well as using different structures of stabilizers allowed us to better understanding of stabilizers’ behavior during polymerization course. The results showed that PDMAEMA-b-PMMA was more robust against changes in monomer composition, meaning less fluctuations in particle size distribution and kinetics plots. Also, more than 85% monomer conversion was reached and the resulting polymer particles, ranging in diameter from 75 to ~135 nm. Using PDMAEMA-b-PMMA and adding only 5 mol% MMA as a comonomer in emulsion polymerization of styrene resulted in producing highly uniform particles with size polydispersity of (0.04), as confirmed by TEM and DLS. This narrow size polydispersity was attributed to generation of more positively charged amphiphilic oligomers at early stages of polymerization and thus, faster nucleation.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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使用三种类型的RAFT制备的基于甲基丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基乙基酯（DMAEMA）的定义明确的阳离子聚合物稳定剂的乳液聚合：对比研究

三种类型的明确定义的稳定剂的，基于2-二甲氨基乙酯（DMAEMA），包括聚（2-二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯）（PDMAEMA），聚（2-二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯） -嵌段-聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（PDMAEMA- b -通过可逆的加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）溶液聚合合成了PMMA和PDMAEMA- co -PMMA，并在苯乙烯和/或甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的乳液（共）聚合中用作定义明确的阳离子稳定剂。由于MMA和苯乙烯的特性不同，使用这些单体的不同比例以及使用不同的稳定剂结构，可以使我们更好地理解聚合过程中稳定剂的行为。结果表明，PDMAEMA- b-PMMA对单体组成的变化更稳定，这意味着较小的粒度分布和动力学图波动。而且，达到了超过85％的单体转化率，并且所得的聚合物颗粒的直径为75至〜135nm。如通过TEM和DLS所证实的，使用PDMAEMA- b- PMMA并在苯乙烯的乳液聚合中仅添加5mol％的MMA作为共聚单体导致产生具有尺寸多分散度为（0.04）的高度均匀的颗粒。这种窄尺寸的多分散性归因于在聚合的早期阶段产生了带更多正电荷的两亲性低聚物，因此形成了更快的成核作用。

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