The purpose of this investigation is the increase the biosorption efficiency and capacity in the removal of Pb (II) ions using Abies bornmulleriana cones modified with NaOH. The biosorption capacity of Pb (II) ions decreased in the presence of Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) ions. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area and pore volume of the NB and MB after the biosorption decreased by (4.37 m² g⁻¹ and 0.00154 cm³ g⁻¹) and (0.41 m² g⁻¹ and 0.00014 cm³ g⁻¹), respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic gave the best fit to the biosorption data (R² 0.97, 0.97). The biosorption data for the NB and MB fitted well to Dubinin–Radushkevitch (D–R) isotherm due to the high R² values (0.97, 0.97), and the maximum biosorption capacities were determined as 24.42 and 43.67 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The change of free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the biosorption for the NB and MB were determined as [(−2.10 kJ mol⁻¹, 14.72 kJ mol⁻¹, and 0.057 kJ mol⁻¹ K⁻¹) and (−7.04 kJ mol⁻¹, 121 kJ mol⁻¹, and 0.438 kJ mol⁻¹ K⁻¹)], respectively. The NB and MB regeneration with 0.1 N HNO₃ showed that the biosorption and desorption processes were reversible.

中文翻译：

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碱改性的冷杉锥作为一种具有成本效益的生物吸附剂，用于增强 Pb (II) 离子的去除，及其与普通生物吸附剂的比较：等温线、动力学和热力学参数

本研究的目的是使用经 NaOH 改性的冷杉锥提高生物吸附效率和去除 Pb (II) 离子的能力。在 Cu (II)、Cd (II)、Ni (II) 和 Co (II) 离子的存在下，Pb (II) 离子的生物吸附能力降低。Brunauer、Emmett 和 Teller 的表面积和 NB 和 MB 的孔体积在生物吸附后减少了 (4.37 m ²  g ^-1和 0.00154 cm ³  g ^-1 ) 和 (0.41 m ²  g ^-1和 0.00014 cm ³  g ^{- 1} )，分别。拟二级动力学最适合生物吸附数据 ( R ²0.97、0.97）。为NB和MB的吸附数据拟合良好到杜比宁-Radushkevitch（d-R）等温线，由于高- [R ²的值（0.97，0.97），最大吸附能力测定为24.42和43.67毫克克^-1分别. NB 和 MB 的生物吸附的自由能、焓和熵的变化确定为 [(-2.10 kJ mol ^-1 , 14.72 kJ mol ^-1和 0.057 kJ mol ^-1  K ^-1 ) 和 (-7.04 kJ mol ^-1、121 kJ mol ^-1和0.438 kJ mol ^-1  K ^-1 )]。使用 0.1 N HNO ₃的 NB 和 MB 再生 表明生物吸附和解吸过程是可逆的。