Conservation Agriculture (CA) and Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) have been promoted in Sub Saharan Africa as a means to improve soil quality. A four season research (March, 2017 to March, 2019) was conducted to evaluate CA-based treatment, no tillage with residue retention (NTR), ISFM-based treatment, conventional tillage with use of manure (CTM), a combination of CA + ISFM, no tillage with residue retention and use of manure (NTRM) and a control, (C) on soil quality attributes. In the two locations (sub-humid and semi-arid) the effect of soil fertility gradients (high and low) were considered. Trials were set out using a one farm one replicate randomized design. In either high or low fertility fields, soil chemical and physical properties were significantly different between the control and NTR, CTM and NTRM with no significant differences between NTR, CTM and NTRM. SOC was higher under NTR and NTRM practices, which consequently had higher hydraulic conductivity, air permeability, mean weight diameter and available phosphorus. For all the treatments and in both locations, the low fertility fields had significantly lower agronomic use efficiency (AUE) compared to the high fertility fields. In both soil types, plant available water capacity and relative water capacity values were below the recommended thresholds indicating low soil water uptake, suboptimal microbial activity and consequently low nutrient uptake which explains the observed low AUE.

撒哈拉以南非洲地区已经推广了保护性农业（CA）和土壤综合肥力管理（ISFM），作为改善土壤质量的一种手段。进行了四个季节的研究（2017年3月至2019年3月），以评估基于CA的处理，无残留残留的耕作（NTR），基于ISFM的处理，使用粪便的传统耕作（CTM），CA的组合+ ISFM，没有残留物的耕作，并使用肥料（NTRM）和土壤质量属性的对照（C）。在两个位置（半湿润和半干旱），考虑了土壤肥力梯度（高和低）的影响。使用一个农场一重复随机设计进行试验。在高肥力田或低肥力田中，对照和NTR之间的土壤化学和物理特性均存在显着差异，CTM和NTRM在NTR，CTM和NTRM之间没有显着差异。在NTR和NTRM惯例下，SOC较高，因此具有较高的水力传导性，透气性，平均重量直径和有效磷。与高肥力田相比，低肥力田地的所有处理方式和两个地点的农艺利用效率（AUE）均显着降低。在这两种土壤类型中，植物的可用水容量和相对水容量值均低于建议的阈值，表明土壤吸水率低，微生物活性欠佳，因此养分吸收率低，这说明观测到的AUE较低。与高肥力田相比，低肥力田地的所有处理方式和两个地点的农艺利用效率（AUE）均显着降低。在这两种土壤类型中，植物的可用水容量和相对水容量值均低于建议的阈值，表明土壤吸水率低，微生物活性欠佳，因此养分吸收率低，这说明观测到的AUE较低。与高肥力田相比，低肥力田地的所有处理方式和两个地点的农艺利用效率（AUE）均显着降低。在这两种土壤类型中，植物的可用水容量和相对水容量值均低于建议的阈值，表明土壤吸水率低，微生物活性欠佳，因此养分吸收率低，这说明观测到的AUE较低。