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Horizontal equity in the design of Australian family payments for newborns
Australian Journal Of Social Issues ( IF 1.897 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-25 , DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.159
Matthew Taylor 1
Affiliation  

Equity and efficiency are important evaluative criteria in tax and transfer policy. While matters of vertical equity receive more attention, horizontal equity is widely regarded as an important design principle. This is especially true in the design of family payments and has traditionally been interpreted as requiring universal – rather than targeted – payments to families on the basis the number, and ages, of dependent children. The focus of this paper is the horizontal equity of Australian family payments made specifically to the families of newborns. Under current policy, these families may receive maternity payments (the Newborn Supplement and Newborn Upfront Payment) or Parental Leave Pay (PLP), the former, a means-tested birth grant; and the latter, a government-funded paid maternity leave payment. Eligibility for PLP is largely contingent upon the birth mother providing a specific level of pre-birth labour supply known as the “work test”. This paper uses microsimulation modelling to demonstrate the variation in the level of payment provided by the Australian Government under both programmes. It finds significant variation in the level of payment made both within and between families where the mother meets the PLP work test and finds higher levels of payment flowing to families where the mother is eligible for PLP. It concludes with a discussion of Australia's retreat from the provision of family payments on a universal basis with an emphasis on the equity–efficiency trade-offs inherent to the PLP work test.

中文翻译:

澳大利亚新生儿家庭支付设计中的横向公平

公平和效率是税收和转移政策的重要评价标准。虽然纵向公平问题受到更多关注,但横向公平被广泛认为是一项重要的设计原则。在家庭付款的设计中尤其如此,并且传统上被解释为要求根据受抚养子女的数量和年龄向家庭进行普遍而非有针对性的付款。本文的重点是专门针对新生儿家庭的澳大利亚家庭支付的横向公平性。根据现行政策,这些家庭可能会收到产假津贴(新生儿补助金和新生儿预付费用)或育儿假津贴(PLP),前者是经过经济状况调查的出生补助金;后者是政府资助的带薪产假津贴。PLP 的资格在很大程度上取决于生母提供特定水平的产前劳动力供应,称为“工作测试”。本文使用微观模拟模型来展示澳大利亚政府在这两个计划下提供的支付水平的变化。它发现母亲满足 PLP 工作测试的家庭内部和家庭之间的支付水平存在显着差异,并发现更高水平的支付流向母亲有资格获得 PLP 的家庭。最后讨论了澳大利亚退出普遍提供家庭付款的做法,并强调了 PLP 工作测试所固有的公平-效率权衡。本文使用微观模拟模型来展示澳大利亚政府在这两个计划下提供的支付水平的变化。它发现母亲满足 PLP 工作测试的家庭内部和家庭之间的支付水平存在显着差异,并发现更高水平的支付流向母亲有资格获得 PLP 的家庭。最后讨论了澳大利亚退出普遍提供家庭付款的做法,并强调了 PLP 工作测试所固有的公平-效率权衡。本文使用微观模拟模型来展示澳大利亚政府在这两个计划下提供的支付水平的变化。它发现母亲满足 PLP 工作测试的家庭内部和家庭之间的支付水平存在显着差异,并发现更高水平的支付流向母亲有资格获得 PLP 的家庭。它最后讨论了澳大利亚退出普遍提供家庭付款的做法,重点是 PLP 工作测试所固有的公平-效率权衡。它发现母亲满足 PLP 工作测试的家庭内部和家庭之间的支付水平存在显着差异,并发现更高水平的支付流向母亲有资格获得 PLP 的家庭。最后讨论了澳大利亚退出普遍提供家庭付款的做法,并强调了 PLP 工作测试所固有的公平-效率权衡。它发现母亲满足 PLP 工作测试的家庭内部和家庭之间的支付水平存在显着差异,并发现更高水平的支付流向母亲有资格获得 PLP 的家庭。它最后讨论了澳大利亚退出普遍提供家庭付款的做法,重点是 PLP 工作测试所固有的公平-效率权衡。
更新日期:2021-04-25
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