Here we provide a comprehensive review of a newly developed lighting technology based on metal halide perovskites (i.e. perovskite light-emitting diodes) encompassing the research endeavours into materials, photophysics and device engineering. At the outset we survey the basic perovskite structures and their various dimensions (namely three-, two- and zero-dimensional perovskites), and demonstrate how the compositional engineering of these structures affects the perovskite light-emitting properties. Next, we turn to the physics underpinning photo- and electroluminescence in these materials through their connection to the fundamental excited states, energy/charge transport processes and radiative and non-radiative decay mechanisms. In the remainder of the review, we focus on the engineering of perovskite light-emitting diodes, including the history of their development as well as an extensive analysis of contemporary strategies for boosting device performance. Key concepts include balancing the electron/hole injection, suppression of parasitic carrier losses, improvement of the photoluminescence quantum yield and enhancement of the light extraction. Overall, this review reflects the current paradigm for perovskite lighting, and is intended to serve as a foundation to materials and device scientists newly working in this field.

在这里，我们全面回顾了基于金属卤化物钙钛矿（即钙钛矿发光二极管）的新开发照明技术，涵盖了材料、光物理和器件工程方面的研究工作。首先，我们调查了基本的钙钛矿结构及其各个维度（即三维、二维和零维钙钛矿），并展示了这些结构的成分工程如何影响钙钛矿发光特性。接下来，我们通过这些材料与基本激发态、能量/电荷传输过程以及辐射和非辐射衰减机制的联系，转向支持这些材料中光致发光和电致发光的物理学。在剩下的评论中，我们将重点放在钙钛矿发光二极管的工程上，包括它们的发展历史以及对提高设备性能的当代策略的广泛分析。关键概念包括平衡电子/空穴注入、抑制寄生载流子损失、提高光致发光量子产率和增强光提取。总的来说，这篇综述反映了钙钛矿照明的当前范式，旨在为新近在该领域工作的材料和设备科学家奠定基础。