Electric vehicles (EVs) are experiencing a rise in popularity over the past few years as the technology has matured and costs have declined, and support for clean transportation has promoted awareness, increased charging opportunities, and facilitated EV adoption. Suitably, a vast body of literature has been produced exploring various facets of EVs and their role in transportation and energy systems. This paper provides a timely and comprehensive review of scientific studies looking at various aspects of EVs, including: (a) an overview of the status of the light-duty-EV market and current projections for future adoption; (b) insights on market opportunities beyond light-duty EVs; (c) a review of cost and performance evolution for batteries, power electronics, and electric machines that are key components of EV success; (d) charging-infrastructure status with a focus on modeling and studies that are used to project charging-infrastructure requirements and the economics of public charging; (e) an overview of the impact of EV charging on power systems at multiple scales, ranging from bulk power systems to distribution networks; (f) insights into life-cycle cost and emissions studies focusing on EVs; and (g) future expectations and synergies between EVs and other emerging trends and technologies. The goal of this paper is to provide readers with a snapshot of the current state of the art and help navigate this vast literature by comparing studies critically and comprehensively and synthesizing general insights. This detailed review paints a positive picture for the future of EVs for on-road transportation, and the authors remain hopeful that remaining technology, regulatory, societal, behavioral, and business-model barriers can be addressed over time to support a transition toward cleaner, more efficient, and affordable transportation solutions for all.

随着技术的成熟和成本的下降，电动汽车 (EV) 在过去几年中越来越受欢迎，而对清洁交通的支持提高了意识，增加了充电机会，并促进了电动汽车的采用。适当地，已经产生了大量文献来探索电动汽车的各个方面及其在交通和能源系统中的作用。本文及时、全面地回顾了有关电动汽车各个方面的科学研究，包括：(a) 轻型电动汽车市场现状的概述以及对未来采用的当前预测；(b) 对轻型电动汽车以外的市场机会的洞察；(c) 对作为电动汽车成功关键组成部分的电池、电力电子设备和电机的成本和性能演变进行审查；(d) 充电基础设施状况，重点是用于预测充电基础设施要求和公共充电经济性的建模和研究；(e) 电动汽车充电对多尺度电力系统影响的概述，从大容量电力系统到配电网络；(f) 深入了解以电动汽车为重点的生命周期成本和排放研究；(g) 电动汽车与其他新兴趋势和技术之间的未来预期和协同作用。本文的目标是为读者提供当前技术水平的快照，并通过批判性和全面地比较研究并综合一般见解来帮助浏览大量文献。这篇详细的评论为道路交通电动汽车的未来描绘了一幅积极的图景，作者仍然希望剩余的技术，