The way in which interactions between mechanics and biochemistry lead to the emergence of complex cell and tissue organization is an old question that has recently attracted renewed interest from biologists, physicists, mathematicians and computer scientists. Rapid advances in optical physics, microscopy and computational image analysis have greatly enhanced our ability to observe and quantify spatiotemporal patterns of signalling, force generation, deformation, and flow in living cells and tissues. Powerful new tools for genetic, biophysical and optogenetic manipulation are allowing us to perturb the underlying machinery that generates these patterns in increasingly sophisticated ways. Rapid advances in theory and computing have made it possible to construct predictive models that describe how cell and tissue organization and dynamics emerge from the local coupling of biochemistry and mechanics. Together, these advances have opened up a wealth of new opportunities to explore how mechanochemical patterning shapes organismal development. In this roadmap, we present a series of forward-looking case studies on mechanochemical patterning in development, written by scientists working at the interface between the physical and biological sciences, and covering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, organisms, and modes of development. Together, these contributions highlight the many ways in which the dynamic coupling of mechanics and biochemistry shapes biological dynamics: from mechanoenzymes that sense force to tune their activity and motor output, to collectives of cells in tissues that flow and redistribute biochemical signals during development.

力学和生物化学之间的相互作用如何导致复杂细胞和组织组织的出现是一个古老的问题，最近引起了生物学家、物理学家、数学家和计算机科学家的新兴趣。光学物理、显微镜和计算图像分析的快速进步极大地增强了我们观察和量化活细胞和组织中信号传导、力产生、变形和流动的时空模式的能力。用于遗传、生物物理和光遗传学操纵的强大新工具使我们能够扰乱以日益复杂的方式生成这些模式的潜在机制。理论和计算的快速进步使得构建预测模型成为可能，这些模型描述细胞和组织的组织和动力学如何从生物化学和力学的局部耦合中产生。总之，这些进步为探索机械化学模式如何塑造有机体发育开辟了丰富的新机会。在本路线图中，我们提出了一系列关于发育中的机械化学模式的前瞻性案例研究，由从事物理和生物科学交叉领域工作的科学家撰写，涵盖广泛的时空尺度、生物体和模式。发展。这些贡献共同强调了力学和生物化学的动态耦合塑造生物动力学的多种方式：