Using a 3D global solver of the linearized Euler equations, we model acoustic oscillations over background velocity flow fields of single-cell meridional circulation with deep and shallow return flows as well as double-cell meridional circulation with strong and weak reversals. The velocities are generated using a mean-field hydrodynamic and dynamo model—moving through the regimes with minimal parameter changes, counterrotation near the base of the tachocline is induced by sign inversion of the nondiffusive action of turbulent Reynolds stresses (Λ-effect) due to the radial inhomogeneity of the Coriolis number. By mimicking the stochastic excitation of resonant modes in the convective interior, we simulate realization noise present in solar observations. Using deep-focusing to analyze differences in travel-time signatures between the four regimes, as well as comparing to solar observations, we show that current helioseismology techniques may offer important insights about the location and strength of the return flow; however, it may not currently be possible to definitively distinguish between profiles of single-cell or double-cell meridional circulation.

使用线性化欧拉方程的 3D 全局求解器，我们对具有深和浅回流的单单元经向环流以及具有强和弱反转的双单元经向环流的背景速度流场的声学振荡进行建模。速度是使用平均场流体动力学和发电机模型生成的——在参数变化最小的状态下移动，由于湍流雷诺应力（Λ 效应）的非扩散作用的符号反转，在转速线底部附近的反向旋转引起科里奥利数的径向不均匀性。通过模拟对流内部共振模式的随机激发，我们模拟了太阳观测中存在的实现噪声。使用深度聚焦来分析四种制度之间旅行时间特征的差异，除了与太阳观测进行比较外，我们还表明当前的日震学技术可以提供有关回流位置和强度的重要见解；然而，目前可能无法明确区分单细胞或双细胞经向循环的轮廓。