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Super Hamiltonian in superspace for incommensurate superlattices and quasicrystals
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-06 , DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/abe35c
M Valiente 1 , C W Duncan 2 , N T Zinner 3, 4
Affiliation  

Infinite quasiperiodic arrangements in space, such as quasicrystals, are typically described as projections of higher-dimensional periodic lattices onto the physical dimension. The concept of a reference higher-dimensional space, called a superspace, has proved useful in relation to quasiperiodic systems. Although some quantum-mechanical systems in quasiperiodic media have been shown to admit quasiperiodic states, any sort of general Hamiltonian formalism in superspace is lacking to this date. Here, we show how to extend generic quantum-mechanical Hamiltonians to higher dimensions in such a way that eigenstates of the original Hamiltonian are obtained as projections of the Hamiltonian in superspace, which we call the super Hamiltonian. We apply the super Hamiltonian formalism to a simple, yet realistic one-dimensional quantum particle in a quasiperiodic potential without the tight-binding approximation, and obtain continuously labelled eigenstates of the system corresponding to a continuous spectrum. All states corresponding to the continuum are quasiperiodic. We also obtain the Green’s functions for continuum states in closed form and, from them, the density of states and local density of states, and scattering states off defects and impurities. The closed form of this one-dimensional Green’s function is equally valid for any continuum state in any one-dimensional single-particle quantum system admitting continuous spectrum. With the basis set we use, which is periodic in superspace, and therefore quasiperiodic in physical space, we find that Anderson-localised states are also quasiperiodic if distributional solutions are admitted, but circumvent this difficulty by generalising the superspace method to open boundary conditions. We also obtain an accurate estimate of the critical point where the ground state of the system changes from delocalised to Anderson localised, and of the critical exponent for the effective mass. Finally, we calculate, within the superspace formalism, topological edge states for the semi-infinite system, and observe that these exist, in the delocalised phase, within all spectral gaps we have been able to resolve. Our formalism opens up a plethora of possibilities for studying the physics of electrons, atoms or light in quasicrystalline and other aperiodic media.



中文翻译:

超空间中非公度超晶格和准晶的超哈密顿量

空间中无限的准周期排列,例如准晶体,通常被描述为高维周期晶格在物理维度上的投影。被称为超空间的参考高维空间的概念已被证明对准周期系统很有用。尽管准周期介质中的一些量子力学系统已被证明允许准周期态,但迄今为止还缺乏超空间中的任何一般哈密顿形式主义。在这里,我们展示了如何将通用量子力学哈密顿量扩展到更高维度,从而获得原始哈密顿量的本征态作为超空间中哈密顿量的投影,我们称之为超级哈密顿量。我们将超级哈密顿形式主义应用到一个简单的、然而,在没有紧束缚近似的准周期势中的现实一维量子粒子,并获得对应于连续光谱的系统的连续标记本征态。对应于连续体的所有状态都是准周期的。我们还获得了封闭形式的连续态的格林函数,并从中获得了状态密度和局部状态密度,以及缺陷和杂质的散射态。这个一维格林函数的封闭形式对于任何允许连续光谱的一维单粒子量子系统中的任何连续状态同样有效。我们使用的基组在超空间中是周期性的,因此在物理空间中是准周期性的,我们发现如果允许分布解,安德森定域态也是准周期的,但通过将超空间方法推广到开放边界条件来规避这个困难。我们还获得了系统基态从离域变为安德森局部的临界点以及有效质量的临界指数的准确估计。最后,我们在超空间形式主义中计算了半无限系统的拓扑边缘状态,并观察到这些状态在离域阶段存在于我们能够解决的所有光谱间隙中。我们的形式主义为研究准晶体和其他非周期性介质中的电子、原子或光的物理学开辟了大量可能性。但是通过将超空间方法推广到开放边界条件来规避这个困难。我们还获得了系统基态从离域变为安德森局部的临界点以及有效质量的临界指数的准确估计。最后,我们在超空间形式主义中计算了半无限系统的拓扑边缘状态,并观察到这些状态在离域阶段存在于我们能够解决的所有光谱间隙中。我们的形式主义为研究准晶体和其他非周期性介质中的电子、原子或光的物理学开辟了大量可能性。但是通过将超空间方法推广到开放边界条件来规避这个困难。我们还获得了系统基态从离域变为安德森局部的临界点以及有效质量的临界指数的准确估计。最后,我们在超空间形式主义中计算了半无限系统的拓扑边缘状态,并观察到这些状态在离域阶段存在于我们能够解决的所有光谱间隙中。我们的形式主义为研究准晶体和其他非周期性介质中的电子、原子或光的物理学开辟了大量可能性。和有效质量的临界指数。最后,我们在超空间形式主义中计算了半无限系统的拓扑边缘状态,并观察到这些状态在离域阶段存在于我们能够解决的所有光谱间隙中。我们的形式主义为研究准晶体和其他非周期性介质中的电子、原子或光的物理学开辟了大量可能性。和有效质量的临界指数。最后,我们在超空间形式主义中计算了半无限系统的拓扑边缘状态,并观察到这些状态在离域阶段存在于我们能够解决的所有光谱间隙中。我们的形式主义为研究准晶体和其他非周期性介质中的电子、原子或光的物理学开辟了大量可能性。

更新日期:2021-04-06
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