Reviewed by:

• Ottoman Athens: Topography, Archaeology, History ed. by Maria Georgopoulou and Konstantinos Thanasakis
• Nikos D. Kontogiannis (bio)

In the spring of 2015, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, the Benaki Museum, and the Museum of the City of Athens–Vouros-Eutaxias Foundation organized a multifaceted cultural project of exhibitions, public lectures, museum tours, and a symposium. This book is one of the tangible results of this project and brings together a wealth of material on the Ottoman past of the city of Athens. Originating in a symposium organized at the Gennadius Library on “The Topography of Ottoman Athens: Archaeology and Travel,” the essays focus mainly on archival sources, chronicles, and travel accounts. The contributing authors discuss questions of perception, topography, conditions in the city, with a few essays dedicated to existing monuments and the city’s archaeological past. The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the fifteenth century to the years of the Greek War of Independence.

This book reflects the huge change that has occurred in the field of Early Modern Greek studies during the last decades. Most of the archival materials on which the book relies were long known, as were also the substantial collections of the partnering institutions—the Benaki Museum, the Gennadius Library, and the Museum of the City of Athens. What has changed is twofold: the passage from the era of “collectionism” to that of scholarly research, and the realization that various nationalist generalizations simply do not hold up under the scrutiny of the sources. The book presents the work of a generation of multinational scholars who combine their diverse disciplinary backgrounds in order to understand how the documentary information can speak about and apply to the urban landscape. Their work reflects the vivid interest in studying the Late Modern era (traditionally divided into Late Ottoman and Modern Greek times) as a way to understand our contemporary perceptions of the past from an archaeological, cultural, and architectural perspective. The book takes us through an eye-opening process that reveals the complexity of socio-cultural conditions, especially when compared to the simplistic overviews of earlier historiography.

The volume opens with George Tolias’s study of the humanist geography (fifteenth to early seventeenth centuries) that created a powerful image of the ancient Greek past with Athens as its capital; this aura of legend provoked European interest in the city and the extensive reconnaissance travels that [End Page 238] would follow. Tasos Tanoulas introduces two little-known sources on the Athenian topography and examines the information they provide on the Acropolis monuments. The first source—Vienna anonymous (ca. 1460)—includes creative identifications for the Propylaia as the seat of ancient schools. The second source—the Bassano Drawing (1670)—is used to rectify inaccuracies that have misled earlier research. Elizabeth Key Fowden begins her discussion with Evliya Çelebi’s (1660s) descriptions of Athens. She traces Evliya’s viewpoints, the traditions he draws from, and the associations to which he alludes. Then she extends the scope of her study to include accounts of Sultan Mehmed II’s visit to Athens and the Parthenon Mosque, as well as those of various seventeenth-century European visitors. Finally, she takes into account a lesser-known early eighteenth-century work written by the local mufti (Muslim legal expert) Mahmud Efendi.

The astonishing text of Mahmud Efendi gets further attention in the article by Gülçin Tunalı, which also includes a detailed table of contents. Tunalı explores the sources and networks through which Mahmud was able to write his historical account, including the work of Georgios Kontares and the help of two eminent local figures, Theophanes Kavallares and Gregorios Soteres. Tunalı evaluates Mahmud’s work as an example of a shared intellectual reality, a product of its time mediating between the ancient past and the Ottoman present.

Moving from the history to the topography of Ottoman Athens, the article of Dimitris Karidis explores in its first part the city...

审核人：

• 奥斯曼帝国雅典：地形，考古，历史编辑。由Maria Georgopoulou和Konstantinos Thanasakis
• Nikos D.Kontogiannis（生物）

2015年春季，位于雅典的美国经典研究学院，贝纳基博物馆和雅典市博物馆-Vouros-Eutaxias基金会组织了一个多方面的文化项目，包括展览，公开演讲，博物馆参观和座谈会。这本书是该项目的有形成果之一，汇集了有关雅典城奥斯曼帝国过去的大量材料。这篇文章起源于在根纳迪乌斯图书馆（Gennadius Library）举办的关于“奥斯曼帝国的地形：考古学和旅行”的座谈会上，其论文主要侧重于档案资料，纪事和旅行记录。撰稿人讨论了城市的感知，地形，条件等问题，并撰写了几篇有关现有古迹和城市考古历史的文章。

本书反映了近几十年来在近代希腊研究领域发生的巨大变化。该书所依赖的大多数档案材料以及伙伴机构的大量藏品（贝纳基博物馆，根纳迪乌斯图书馆和雅典市博物馆）早已广为人知。发生的变化是双重的：从“集体主义”时代到学术研究时代的转变，以及认识到各种民族主义的概括根本不受制于来源的审查。该书介绍了一代代跨国学者的作品，他们结合了不同的学科背景，以了解文献信息如何谈论并适用于城市景观。他们的作品反映了对研究近代晚期（传统上分为奥斯曼帝国晚期和现代希腊时期）的兴趣，这是从考古学，文化和建筑的角度理解我们对过去的当代看法的一种方式。这本书使我们经历了令人大开眼界的过程，揭示了社会文化条件的复杂性，特别是与早期史学的简单概述相比。

本书以乔治·托里亚斯（George Tolias）对人文地理的研究（15世纪至17世纪初）为开篇，该地理学以雅典为首都，塑造了古希腊历史的有力形象。这个传奇的气氛激发了欧洲人对该城市的兴趣，并进行了广泛的侦察旅行[End Page 238]会跟随。塔索斯·塔努拉斯（Tasos Tanoulas）介绍了雅典人的两个鲜为人知的地形，并考察了他们在雅典卫城纪念碑上提供的信息。第一个来源-维也纳匿名（约1460年）-包括Propylaia作为古代学校所在地的创意标识。第二个来源是《巴萨诺绘图》（Bassano Drawing，1670年），用于纠正误导了早期研究的不准确之处。伊丽莎白·基·福登（Elizabeth Key Fowden）从16世纪60年代埃夫利亚·塞莱比（EvliyaÇelebi）对雅典的描述开始她的讨论。她追踪了Evliya的观点，他借鉴的传统以及他所暗示的联想。然后，她将研究范围扩展到包括苏丹·穆罕默德二世对雅典和帕特农神庙清真寺的访问以及十七世纪各种欧洲访问者的访问。最后，

Mahmud Efendi的惊人文本在GülçinTunalı的文章中得到了进一步的关注，其中还包括详细的目录。Tunalı探索了Mahmud能够通过其来源和网络来撰写他的历史记录，包括Georgios Kontares的作品以及两位着名的本地人物Theophanes Kavallares和Gregorios Soteres的帮助。Tunalı将Mahmud的作品作为共享的知识现实的一个例子进行了评估，这是时间在古代和奥斯曼帝国之间进行调解的产物。

从历史到奥斯曼帝国雅典的地形，Dimitris Karidis的文章在第一部分探索了这座城市。