Following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) occur commonly; however, it is unknown to what degree they overlap. The study examined PCS and PTSS persisting 7 weeks after injury in children and adolescents ages 8-15 years with TBI (n = 89) or extracranial injury (EI; n = 40) after vehicle collisions. TBI was divided into mild, complicated-mild/moderate, and severe groups. Parents retrospectively rated children's pre-injury symptoms and behavior problems, and children completed self-report measures after injury. PCS and PTSS total scores were significantly correlated in TBI and EI groups, respectively, for child (r_s = 0.75; r_s = 0.44), and adolescent (r_s = 0.61; r_s = 0.67) cohorts. Generalized linear models examined whether injury type and severity, age, sex, and pre-injury symptom ratings predicted PCS and PTSS total scores and factor scores. Specific PCS and PTSS factor scores were elevated in different TBI severity groups, with most frequent problems following mild or severe TBI. PCS did not differ by age; however, girls had more emotional symptoms than boys. Only PTSS were predicted by pre-injury externalizing behavior. Significant age by sex interactions indicated that adolescent girls had more total, avoidance, and hyperarousal PTSS symptoms than younger girls or all boys. PCS and PTSS significantly overlapped in both TBI and EI groups, highlighting shared persistent symptoms after injury. Shared vulnerability factors included female sex, milder TBI, and poorer pre-injury adjustment. Older age was a unique vulnerability factor for PTSS. Psychological health interventions after injury should be customized to address comorbid symptoms.

中文翻译：

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小儿创伤性脑损伤后的脑震荡后和创伤后应激症状：共同的脆弱因素？

儿童创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后，通常会出现脑震荡后症状（PCS）和创伤后应激症状（PTSS）；然而，尚不清楚它们重叠的程度。 该研究检查了 8-15 岁儿童和青少年在车辆碰撞后患有 TBI（n  = 89）或颅外损伤（EI；n = 40）的损伤后 7 周持续存在的 PCS 和 PTSS。TBI 分为轻度组、复杂-轻度/中度组和重度组。家长回顾性评价儿童受伤前的症状和行为问题，儿童在受伤后完成自我报告措施。对于儿童，PCS 和 PTSS 总分在 TBI 和 EI 组中分别显着相关（r _s  = 0.75；r _s = 0.44) 和青少年 ( r _s  = 0.61; r _s = 0.67) 队列。广义线性模型检查了损伤类型和严重程度、年龄、性别和损伤前症状评分是否可以预测 PCS 和 PTSS 总分和因子得分。特定 PCS 和 PTSS 因子评分在不同 TBI 严重程度组中均升高，最常见问题发生在轻度或重度 TBI 后。PCS 不因年龄而异；然而，女孩比男孩有更多的情绪症状。只有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSS) 是通过受伤前的外化行为来预测的。性别互动的显着年龄表明，青春期女孩比年轻女孩或所有男孩有更多的总体性、回避性和过度警觉性 PTSS 症状。PCS 和 PTSS 在 TBI 和 EI 组中显着重叠，突出了受伤后共同的持续症状。共同的脆弱因素包括女性、较轻的创伤性脑损伤和较差的伤前适应能力。年龄较大是 PTSS 的一个独特的脆弱因素。应定制受伤后的心理健康干预措施以解决共病症状。