Mountain building in the Andes, the longest continental mountain range on Earth, started in the Late Cretaceous but was highly diachronous. Reconstructing the timing of surface uplift for each of the different Andean regions is of crucial importance for our understanding of continental-scale moisture transport and atmospheric circulation, the origin and evolution of the Amazon River and Rainforest, and ultimately, the origin and evolution of species on the world most biodiverse continent. Here, I present (1) a compilation of estimates of paleoelevation for 36 geomorphological domains of the Andes from the literature, and (2) a paleoelevation reconstruction of the Andes since 80 Ma. In the northern Andes, uplift started in the Late Cretaceous (~70 Ma) in the Western and Central Cordilleras of Ecuador, while the northwestern corner of the continent was still covered by shallow seas. Mountain building migrated progressively northwards, with the Perija Range and Santander Massif uplifting since the Oligocene and the Eastern Cordillera, Garzon Massif and Mérida Andes since the Miocene. In the central Andes, uplift migrated from west to east, whereby the main phase of uplift in the Western Cordillera took place during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, in the western Puna plateau during the Paleocene, in the eastern Puna plateau during the early-mid Miocene, and in the Altiplano and Eastern Cordillera during the mid-late Miocene. In the southern Patagonian Andes, significant elevation was already in place at 80 Ma and in western Patagonia, modern elevations were reached in the early Eocene. A second pulse of uplift and eastward migration of the orogenic front occurred during the early-mid Miocene. The reconstruction developed here is made available as a series of raster files, so that it can be used as input for a variety of studies in the solid Earth, climate, and biological sciences, thereby being a stepping stone on the path towards a better understanding of the coevolution of the solid Earth, landscapes, climate, and life in South America.

安第斯山脉是地球上最长的大陆山脉，始于晚白垩世，但具有高度的历时性。重建每个不同安第斯地区地表隆起的时间对于我们理解大陆尺度的水分输送和大气环流、亚马逊河和雨林的起源和演化以及最终物种的起源和演化至关重要在世界上生物多样性最丰富的大陆上。在这里，我提出 (1) 文献中对安第斯山脉 36 个地貌区域的古海拔估计的汇编，以及 (2) 自 80 Ma 以来安第斯山脉的古海拔重建。在安第斯山脉北部，厄瓜多尔西部和中部山脉的晚白垩世（~70 Ma）开始抬升，而大陆的西北角仍然被浅海覆盖。山地建筑逐渐向北迁移，渐新世以来佩里哈山脉和桑坦德地块隆升，中新世以来东科迪勒拉、加尔松地块和梅里达安第斯山脉隆升。安第斯山脉中部隆升自西向东迁移，其中西科迪勒拉隆升的主要阶段发生在晚白垩世—古新世，西普纳高原为古新世，东普纳高原为早中期中新世，以及中新世中晚期的高原和东科迪勒拉。在巴塔哥尼亚安第斯山脉南部，在 80 Ma 时已经出现了显着的海拔高度，而在巴塔哥尼亚西部，在始新世早期就达到了现代海拔。造山带的第二次隆升和东移发生在早中新世。此处开发的重建以一系列光栅文件的形式提供，因此可以用作固体地球、气候和生物科学领域的各种研究的输入，从而成为通往更好理解之路的垫脚石南美洲固体地球、景观、气候和生命的共同进化。