UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework of Action 2015-2030 place great importance on including Indigenous communities in disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning through community-based strategies. However, working with Indigenous communities requires developing a holistic understanding of the complexities of Indigenous worldviews, knowledges, and practices that influence Indigenous DRR. To date, efforts to do so have been limited. To fill this gap, we combined systems theory and symbolic interactionism as holistic philosophical lens to explore the complex interactions of individual and contextual factors that influence DRR in a remote Pakistani Indigenous community. A synergy of critical Indigenous methodology, grounded theory, case study and ethnography as research methodologies led to employing conversations, yarning circles and participant observation as data collection methods. The data from nineteen participants were collected, interpreted and analysed with the help of a local Indigenous co-researcher over the period of four months. The emerged grounded theory identified eleven categories pertaining to the facilitators and barriers of community’ DRR. The local culture Pukhtunwali and its components, Islamic teachings, good physical health, NGOs, community organisations and community’s adaptive capacities facilitated DRR; whereas, lack of community-based DRR structure, inadequate welfare services, some religious beliefs, poverty and climate change hindered DRR of the community. The categories were weaved together to generate a core category that indicates that development agencies specialising in different areas need to work with Indigenous communities in interdependent and complementary partnerships for sustainable development in Pakistan. We offer our recommendations to accomplish genuine interdependent and complementary partnerships.

联合国可持续发展目标和《 2015-2030年仙台行动框架》非常重视通过基于社区的战略将土著社区纳入减灾规划中。但是，与土著社区合作需要全面了解影响土著DRR的世界观，知识和实践的复杂性。迄今为止，这样做的努力是有限的。为了填补这一空白，我们将系统理论和象征性互动主义相结合，作为整体的哲学视角，探讨了影响偏远巴基斯坦土著社区DRR的个体因素和背景因素之间的复杂相互作用。关键的土著方法论，扎根的理论，案例研究和人种学作为研究方法论的协同作用导致了对话的开展，围圈和参加者观察作为数据收集方法。在四个月的时间里，由一位当地的共同研究人员收集，解释和分析了来自19名参与者的数据。扎根的理论确定了与社区DRR的促进者和障碍有关的11个类别。当地文化Pukhtunwali及其组成部分，伊斯兰教义，身体健康，非政府组织，社区组织和社区的适应能力促进了DRR；然而，缺乏基于社区的DRR结构，福利服务不足，某些宗教信仰，贫困和气候变化阻碍了社区的DRR。将这些类别编织在一起以生成一个核心类别，该类别指示专门从事不同领域的发展机构需要与土著社区合作，建立相互依存和互补的伙伴关系，以实现巴基斯坦的可持续发展。我们提供建议，以实现真正的相互依存和互补的伙伴关系。