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Age dependent physiological tolerances explain population dynamics and distribution in the intertidal zone: A study with porcelain crabs
Marine Environmental Research ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105343
Marcelo E Lagos 1 , Nicole Castillo 2 , Natalia Albarrán-Mélzer 3 , Javier Pinochet 4 , Paulina Gebauer 5 , Mauricio A Urbina 6
Affiliation  

Population dynamics and their response to environmental stressors have been widely studied in intertidal organisms. However, how these dynamics and responses change with animal age have been largely ignored to date. Traditionally, it is assumed that younger organisms are more sensitive than adults to environmental stressors; under this perspective it could be predicted that fully grown organisms should be able to occupy the harsh upper limit of their intertidal habitat. However, in some intertidal Porcelain crabs the opposite distribution has been observed. Using Petrolisthes laevigatus, we tested the physiological tolerance of crabs of different sizes (i.e. age) and evaluated how this trait shapes population dynamics (distribution and small-scale migrations under different weather conditions). We determined the abundance and size distribution of P. laevigatus at the middle and upper intertidal levels during sunny and rainy days, finding that abundances decreased drastically and size distribution shifted to smaller individuals on rainy days. In the laboratory, survival and behavioural responses of individuals in water at 5, 10, 15 and 33 PSU salinities were evaluated. Young crabs were found in higher proportion in the upper intertidal while fully grown crabs (i.e. adults) mainly occupied the middle intertidal zone. Young crabs had a higher osmoregulatory capacity than adults, as they were better at regulating passive water uptake when challenged with diluted seawater. This was also correlated with a lower lethal salinity LC50 in young crabs compared to adults. Behavioural trials showed that young crabs performed better escaping in both water and air, at intermediate and reduced salinities than adults. Therefore, weather influences small scale migrations from the upper to the lower intertidal zone, and this migration is also age-dependent, with younger crabs being more tolerant to low salinities and therefore allowing them to remain in the upper intertidal zone during raniny days.



中文翻译:

年龄相关的生理耐受性解释了潮间带的种群动态和分布:一项针对瓷蟹的研究

在潮间生物中,种群动态及其对环境压力的响应已得到广泛研究。然而,迄今为止,这些动力学和反应如何随着动物年龄的变化而被广泛忽略。传统上,人们认为年轻的生物体比成年人对环境应激物更敏感。从这个角度来看,可以预见,完全生长的生物应能够占据其潮间栖息地的苛刻上限。但是,在一些潮间带瓷蟹中却观察到相反的分布。使用Petrolisthes laevigatus,我们测试了不同大小(即年龄)的螃蟹的生理耐受性,并评估了该特征如何影响种群动态(在不同天气条件下的分布和小规模迁徙)。我们确定了P. laevigatus的丰度和大小分布在晴天和雨天,潮间带处于中间和较高的水平,发现在雨天,丰度急剧下降,大小分布向较小的个体转移。在实验室中,评估了5、10、15和33 PSU盐度下水中个体的存活和行为响应。在上潮间带发现幼蟹的比例更高,而完全长成的蟹(即成年蟹)则主要占据中间潮间带。年轻的螃蟹具有比成人更高的渗透调节能力,因为它们在被稀释的海水挑战时能更好地调节被动水的吸收。这也与较低的致死盐度LC 50相关。与成年幼蟹相比。行为试验表明,幼蟹在水和空气中的逃逸情况要好于成年,而盐度要比成年少。因此,天气影响从上潮间带到下潮间带的小规模迁移,而且这种迁移还取决于年龄,年轻的螃蟹对低盐分的耐受性更高,因此允许它们在雨天停留在上潮间带。

更新日期:2021-04-29
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