Lake temperature responses to climate forcing are of interest on account of the important linkages between water temperature and ecosystem processes. This paper describes a new 1-dimensional (1D) numerical model code and its application to investigations of multi-scale linkages between the vertical temperature structure and meteorological forcing. UCLAKE is implemented as highly portable open-source software, based on computationally efficient algorithms, and able to resolve sub-daily (e.g., hourly) dynamics while retaining the efficiency to simulate multi-decadal time scales.

A UCLAKE model is calibrated and validated against thermistor profile time series for a small upland lake in North Wales, UK. Some of the challenges in 1D model calibration are explored and a sensitivity analysis reveals a dependence of optimal parameter set values on water column depth and time. An exploratory 52-year hindcast simulation demonstrates the computational efficiency of UCLAKE for multi-decadal studies of trends in lake temperature that vary with depth. A supplementary application of UCLAKE to Windermere, in the English Lake District, demonstrates its performance for larger and deeper lakes.

由于水温与生态系统过程之间的重要联系，因此湖温对气候强迫的响应引起了人们的关注。本文介绍了一种新的一维（1D）数值模型代码，并将其用于研究垂直温度结构与气象强迫之间的多尺度联系。基于计算效率高的算法，UCLAKE被实现为高度可移植的开源软件，并且能够解析次日（例如，每小时）动态，同时保持模拟多年代时标的效率。

针对英国北威尔士的一个小型高地湖泊，根据热敏电阻曲线时间序列对UCLAKE模型进行了校准和验证。探索了一维模型校准中的一些挑战，灵敏度分析表明最佳参数设置值对水柱深度和时间的依赖性。52年的探索性模拟模拟表明，UCLAKE在湖泊温度随深度变化的多年代研究中具有很高的计算效率。UCLAKE在英国湖区的温德米尔的补充应用展示了其在更大和更深的湖泊中的性能。