Abstract

The designs of vertical high-pressure heaters (HPHs) for a regeneration system of steam-turbine units (STUs) at nuclear power plants are compared. The proposed heat exchanger with a header-platen tube system is compared with a conventional counterpart by thermohydraulic and design characteristics, weight and dimensions, and performance indicators. Excellent thermohydraulic performance of the proposed apparatus are brought about by the effective condensation due to a high velocity of the condensing steam flow in the shell’s side. The tube bundle consists of standardized platens, the spacing between which can vary in a wide range. The introduction of a cylindrical tube header in place of the tube sheet considerably decreases the wall thickness with a corresponding reduction in the apparatus weight and also prolongs the service life due to elimination of sludge build-up at tube-to-tube header attachment points. Easy maintenance of these heaters is enabled by the access to tubes fixed in the upper and lower vertical cylindrical tube headers through manholes to ergonomically plug faulty tubes. The manufacturing time of the apparatus exchanger and the man-hours for its installation decrease due to the application of standardized tube platens and a shorter length of tube attachment holes. The proposed design has been used as the basis for developing a series of heat exchangers for installation at operating and newly designed power units of NPPs. These apparatuses can accommodate two series-connected, two parallel-connected, or two-series-connected and two parallel-connected HPHs in a single shell, thereby reducing the footprint occupied in a turbine hall. The above-mentioned features of the developed apparatuses are important in the reconstruction (or modernization) of operating NPP power units when the steam capacity of a nuclear steam generating plant is to be increased. The introduction of the proposed apparatuses opens the new way to the optimization of the design, process, and space-and-layout solutions for the regeneration systems of existing and newly designed steam turbine units with a corresponding reduction in operating costs and capital investments in the construction or reconstruction of NPP power units.

中文翻译：

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新一代核电站蒸汽轮机高压加热器

摘要

比较了核电站蒸汽轮机机组（STU）再生系统的垂直高压加热器（HPH）的设计。通过热工液压和设计特性，重量和尺寸以及性能指标，将拟议的带有集管压板管系统的换热器与传统的换热器进行了比较。所提出的装置的优异的热工水力性能是由于在壳侧的冷凝蒸汽的高速流动引起的有效冷凝而产生的。管束由标准化的压板组成，它们之间的间距可以在很宽的范围内变化。引入圆柱形的集管箱代替管板可显着减小壁厚，并相应降低设备重量，并且由于消除了在管对集管箱连接点处积聚的污泥而延长了使用寿命。通过从检修孔进入固定在上下垂直圆柱形集管箱中的管子，以符合人体工程学的方式插入有故障的管子，可以轻松维护这些加热器。由于使用了标准化的管压板和较短的管连接孔长度，设备交换器的制造时间及其安装工时减少了。提议的设计已用作开发一系列热交换器的基础，这些热交换器可安装在核电厂的运行和新设计的动力装置上。这些设备可在单个壳体中容纳两个串联连接，两个并联连接或两个串联连接以及两个并联连接的HPH，从而减少了涡轮机大厅所占的空间。当要增加核蒸汽发电厂的蒸汽容量时，已开发设备的上述特征在运行NPP动力装置的改造（或现代化）中很重要。所提出的设备的引入为优化现有，新​​设计的汽轮机机组的再生系统的设计，工艺和空间布局解决方案开辟了一条新途径，同时相应地降低了运营成本和资本投资。建造或改造核电厂。或在单个壳体中使用两个串联连接和两个并联连接的HPH，从而减少了涡轮机大厅所占的空间。当要增加核蒸汽发电厂的蒸汽容量时，已开发设备的上述特征在运行NPP动力装置的改造（或现代化）中很重要。所提出的设备的引入为优化现有和新设计的汽轮机机组的再生系统的设计，工艺和空间布局解决方案开辟了新途径，同时相应地降低了运营成本和资本投资。建造或改造核电厂。或在单个壳体中使用两个串联连接和两个并联连接的HPH，从而减少了涡轮机大厅所占的空间。当要增加核蒸汽发电厂的蒸汽容量时，已开发设备的上述特征在运行NPP动力装置的改造（或现代化）中很重要。所提出的设备的引入为优化现有和新设计的汽轮机机组的再生系统的设计，工艺和空间布局解决方案开辟了新途径，同时相应地降低了运营成本和资本投资。建造或改造核电厂。当要增加核蒸汽发电厂的蒸汽容量时，已开发设备的上述特征在运行NPP动力装置的改造（或现代化）中很重要。所提出的设备的引入为优化现有，新​​设计的汽轮机机组的再生系统的设计，工艺和空间布局解决方案开辟了一条新途径，同时相应地降低了运营成本和资本投资。建造或改造核电厂。当要增加核蒸汽发电厂的蒸汽容量时，已开发设备的上述特征在运行NPP动力装置的改造（或现代化）中很重要。所提出的设备的引入为优化现有和新设计的汽轮机机组的再生系统的设计，工艺和空间布局解决方案开辟了新途径，同时相应地降低了运营成本和资本投资。建造或改造核电厂。