With the continuous advancement of urbanization and industrialization in China and the rapid development of the economy, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. The coordinated control of air pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH) region has become an urgent problem. Based on the theory and origin of collaborative governance, this paper discusses the mechanisms and pathways of collaborative governance regarding air pollution in the BTH region by developing and analyzing the environmental collaborative governance structural model. The path coefficient of the structural model was obtained. The influence of government subject behavior (0.20) on the integration of BTH environmental governance is stronger than that of enterprise subject behavior (0.16). However, the main government actions (0.73) was found to have the greatest influence on the environmental collaborative governance effect of integrated development in the BTH region, followed by the integrated action of environmental governance (0.40), main enterprise actions (0.33), and main societal actions (0.25). Theoretically and practically addressing the problem of air pollution in the BTH environment from the perspective of collaborative governance by establishing a mechanism path will be conducive to the coordinated development of the economy and environment while promoting collaboration and innovation.