The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) into urban areas initially leads to mixed traffic, consisting of AVs, human drivers, and vulnerable road users. Since the AV's passenger is no longer actively involved in the driving task, there may be changes in the interaction between AVs and surrounding human road users. Therefore, it is essential for an AV to behave in a comprehensible manner in order to maintain or even enhance traffic efficiency and traffic safety. This work investigates the interaction of an AV and a simultaneously oncoming human driver at road bottlenecks due to double-parked vehicles on both sides of the road. Based on findings derived from AV-pedestrian interaction, comfort limits in terms of driving dynamics, and traffic observations, we designed nine AV movements to either yield the right of way or to insist on it by varying the AV's speed (maintain speed, one-step deceleration, two-step deceleration) and its lateral offset (no offset, close offset, distant offset). The different vehicle movements were evaluated with 34 participants in a driving simulator study. The results show participants' shorter passing times, fewer crashes, and significantly higher ratings of the AV's communication if the AV movement contained a lateral offset. In addition to the regular encounters, we analyzed the controllability of an automation failure and its aftereffect on participants' trust in AVs. The experience of the automation failure reduced the trust rating significantly. From the results we conclude that the AV should communicate the right of way not only via speed adjustments but also via the performance of a lateral offset to enhance traffic efficiency and safety. Moreover, a change in the AV's maneuver due to an automation failure must be avoided since it is not controllable by the human driver.

自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 引入城市地区最初会导致混合交通，包括 AV、人类驾驶员和弱势道路使用者。由于 AV 的乘客不再积极参与驾驶任务，因此 AV 与周围人类道路使用者之间的交互可能会发生变化。因此，自动驾驶汽车必须以易于理解的方式运行，以保持甚至提高交通效率和交通安全。这项工作调查了自动驾驶汽车和同时迎面而来的人类驾驶员在道路两侧由于双停车辆而导致的道路瓶颈的相互作用。根据自动驾驶与行人交互、驾驶动态方面的舒适度限制和交通观察得出的结果，我们设计了九个 AV 运动来让路权或通过改变 AV 的速度（保持速度、一步减速、两步减速）及其横向偏移（无偏移、近偏移、远偏移）来坚持先行权. 在驾驶模拟器研究中，34 名参与者对不同的车辆运动进行了评估。结果显示，如果 AV 运动包含横向偏移，参与者的通过时间更短，碰撞更少，并且 AV 通信的评级显着更高。除了经常遇到的情况外，我们还分析了自动化故障的可控性及其对参与者对自动驾驶汽车信任的影响。自动化失败的经历大大降低了信任等级。从结果我们得出结论，自动驾驶汽车不仅应该通过速度调整，而且还应该通过横向偏移的性能来传达通行权，以提高交通效率和安全性。此外，必须避免由于自动化故障而导致 AV 操纵的变化，因为它不是由人类驾驶员控制的。