According to bibliography, elastic modulus studies of agricultural produce at the macro-scale using a resistance measuring (as Magness-Taylor penetration test or compression test) by an Instron Universal Mechanical Testing Machine is often used to express this characteristic. However, the determination of the elastic properties of agricultural produce at the macro-scale result widely varying values for a particular agricultural produce. So in this study, to decrease the variability which now exists in the elastic modulus results of agricultural produce measured at the macro-scale, measuring and comparison of the elastic modulus of agricultural produce, pineapple fruit as case study, in macroscopic (by Hook's theory on the cylindrical specimen and Hertz theory in the mode of spherical indenter contact on the whole specimen) and microscopic (by atomic force microscopy) modes was investigate. There is concluded that with changing the type of theory, the behavior of the elastic modulus changes significantly at a 1% level. In microscopic mode studies, the lowest elastic modulus (0.135 MPa) was obtained by using Hertz theory in the mode of spherical indenter contact on the whole specimen while the highest elastic modulus value (0.779 MPa) was seen by using Hook's theory on the cylindrical specimen. In microscopic mode studies, the Sneddon model had the lowest elastic modulus while Hertzian model showed the highest elastic modulus value. Consequently, due to some reasons such as complex shape of most agricultural produce, assumptions required for three elastic theories of contacting bodies in macroscopic mode, complex structure and viscoelastic behavior of agricultural produce, it is found that the variability of the information can be reduced at micro-scale, or, to a lesser extent.

中文翻译：

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宏观和微观模式下菠萝果实弹性模量的研究与比较

根据参考书目，通常使用Instron万能机械试验机通过电阻测量（如Magness-Taylor渗透试验或压缩试验）在宏观尺度上研究农产品的弹性模量，以表达该特性。然而，在宏观尺度上确定农产品的弹性性质导致特定农产品的值变化很大。因此，在本研究中，为了减少现在在宏观尺度下测量的农产品弹性模量结果中存在的变异性，宏观上测量和比较菠萝果实的农产品弹性模量（以胡克为例）分别研究了圆柱试样的理论和赫兹理论，即球形压头在整个试样上的接触方式和微观（通过原子力显微镜）方式。结论是，随着理论类型的改变，弹性模量的行为在1％的水平上发生了显着变化。在微观模式研究中，最低的弹性模量（0.135 MPa）是通过使用Hertz理论以球形压头接触整个试样的方式获得的，而最高的弹性模量值（0.779 MPa）则是通过使用Hook理论获得的。圆柱形标本。在微观模式研究中，Sneddon模型的弹性模量最低，而Hertzian模型的弹性模量值最高。因此，由于某些原因，例如大多数农产品的形状复杂，